A nurse is assessing four female clients for obesity. Which of the following clients have manifestations of obesity?

Choice A reason: Decreased heart rate is not a manifestation of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia is a condition where there is a decreased volume of blood in the body, which can result from blood loss, dehydration, or fluid shifts. Hypovolemia can cause the heart rate to increase, not decrease, as the body tries to compensate for the low blood pressure and maintain adequate perfusion.

Choice B reason: Increased blood pressure is not a manifestation of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia can cause the blood pressure to decrease, not increase, as the blood volume and cardiac output are reduced. The body may try to constrict the blood vessels to increase the blood pressure, but this is usually not enough to overcome the effects of hypovolemia.

Choice C reason: Weak pulse is a manifestation of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia can cause the pulse to become weak, thready, or difficult to palpate, as the blood flow and pressure are diminished. The pulse may also become irregular or rapid, as the heart tries to pump faster and harder to deliver oxygen to the tissues.

Choice D reason: Dyspnea is not a specific manifestation of hypovolemia. Dyspnea is a term for difficulty breathing, which can have many causes, such as asthma, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema. Hypovolemia can cause dyspnea if it leads to shock, which is a life-threatening condition where the organs and tissues are not receiving enough oxygen. However, dyspnea alone is not enough to indicate hypovolemia.

Choice A reason: This statement does not suggest that further health education is necessary. The client is expressing a realistic concern about the cost of the medication, which may be expensive or not covered by insurance. The nurse should acknowledge the client's financial situation and provide information about possible assistance programs or alternative options.

Choice B reason: This statement does not suggest that further health education is necessary. The client is expressing a reasonable anxiety about the medication, which may have side effects or interactions that require monitoring. The nurse should reassure the client and explain the purpose and frequency of the blood tests, as well as the potential benefits and risks of the medication.

Choice C reason: This statement does not suggest that further health education is necessary. The client is expressing a sense of wonder or skepticism about the medication, which may be uncommon or novel for the treatment of obesity. The nurse should educate the client about how the medication works and what to expect from the treatment, as well as the evidence and research behind it.

Choice D reason: This statement suggests that further health education is necessary. The client is expressing a false or unrealistic expectation about the medication, which is not a magic pill or a substitute for lifestyle changes. The nurse should correct the client and emphasize the importance of following a healthy diet and exercise regimen, as well as the goals and limitations of the medication.