A client with obesity is prescribed orlistat for weight loss. The client asks the nurse, "I understand the medication prevents digestion of fat, but what side effects does this cause?" Which of the following responses by the nurse are correct? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Oily stools are common, especially when excessive fat is consumed.

Many patients note having an increase of gas and flatus.

Constipation is a common side effect with this medication.

Some patients report the development of fecal incontinence.

This medication doesn't really have any side effects because you can buy it over the counter.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

Choice A reason: Oily stools are common, especially when excessive fat is consumed, because orlistat blocks the absorption of fat in the intestines. The undigested fat is then eliminated in the stool, making it oily, greasy, or foul-smelling.

Choice B reason: Many patients note having an increase of gas and flatus, because orlistat can also interfere with the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins, causing fermentation and gas production in the colon.

Choice C reason: Constipation is not a common side effect with this medication. In fact, orlistat may cause the opposite effect of diarrhea, as the unabsorbed fat can irritate the bowel and increase the motility.

Choice D reason: Some patients report the development of fecal incontinence, because orlistat can cause unpredictable bowel movements and difficulty in controlling the passage of stool, especially if the patient consumes a high-fat diet.

Choice E reason: This medication does have side effects, even though it can be bought over the counter. Orlistat is a prescription-strength drug that can cause serious adverse reactions, such as liver damage, kidney stones, gallbladder problems, and vitamin deficiencies. The over-the-counter version is a lower dose than the prescription one, but it still requires medical supervision and lifestyle changes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Fried chicken is a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Fried chicken is high in fat, which can trigger or worsen the symptoms of GERD. Fat can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, which is the muscle that prevents the stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. Fat can also delay the stomach emptying, which can increase the pressure and acid production in the stomach.

Choice B reason: Nonfat milk is not a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Nonfat milk is low in fat, which can help prevent or reduce the symptoms of GERD. Nonfat milk can also provide calcium and protein, which are essential nutrients for the client's health.

Choice C reason: Bananas are not a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Bananas are low in acid, which can help neutralize the stomach acid and soothe the esophagus. Bananas are also rich in fiber, which can promote digestion and prevent constipation.

Choice D reason: Oatmeal is not a food that the nurse should tell the client to avoid eating. Oatmeal is a whole grain that is low in fat and high in fiber, which can help prevent or reduce the symptoms of GERD. Oatmeal can also absorb the excess acid in the stomach and prevent it from refluxing into the esophagus.

A. 0.9% Sodium Chloride B. Lactated Ringer's C. D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) D. 0.45% Sodium Chloride

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a correct answer because 0.9% Sodium Chloride is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct answer because Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct answer because D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) is an isotonic solution when it is in the IV bag, but it becomes hypotonic once it enters the body, as the dextrose is rapidly metabolized and only water remains. However, it is not a preferred solution for a patient with critically high sodium, as it can cause cerebral edema and worsen the neurological status.

Choice D reason: This is a correct answer because 0.45% Sodium Chloride is a hypotonic solution, which means it has a lower osmolarity than the blood plasma. It causes fluid to shift from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment, which can help lower the sodium level and correct the fluid imbalance.

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A client with obesity is prescribed orlistat for weight loss. The client asks the nurse, "I understand the medication prevents digestion of fat, but what side effects does this cause?" Which of the following responses by the nurse are correct? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The client asks about foods he should avoid eating. Which of the following foods should the nurse tell him to avoid?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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