A client reports having heartburn, dysphagia, and frequent dyspepsia. What does the nurse suspect that these clinical manifestations indicate?

Gastritis

GERD

Peptic ulcer disease

Pancreatitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Gastritis is not the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining, which can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Gastritis may cause heartburn or dyspepsia, but it does not usually cause dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing.

Choice B reason: GERD is the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is a chronic condition where the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. GERD can cause heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest or throat, dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing or a feeling of a lump in the throat, and dyspepsia, which is indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen.

Choice C reason: Peptic ulcer disease is not the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. Peptic ulcer disease is a condition where there are open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, which can cause bleeding, perforation, or obstruction. Peptic ulcer disease can cause dyspepsia, which is indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but it does not usually cause heartburn or dysphagia, which are more characteristic of GERD.

Choice D reason: Pancreatitis is not the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice. Pancreatitis does not cause heartburn, dysphagia, or dyspepsia, which are more characteristic of GERD.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a correct result that the nurse should anticipate. RBC stands for red blood cells, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. The normal range for RBC is 4-5.5 /mm^3^, so a value of 4.2 /mm^3^ is within the normal range and does not indicate any abnormality.

Choice B reason: This is a correct result that the nurse should anticipate. WBC stands for white blood cells, which fight infections and inflammation in the body. The normal range for WBC is 5-10 /mm^3^, so a value of 17 /mm^3^ is above the normal range and indicates leukocytosis, which is an increase in the number of white blood cells. Leukocytosis can be caused by acute appendicitis, as the body tries to fight the infection and inflammation in the appendix.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct result that the nurse should anticipate. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are the first to respond to bacterial infections. The normal range for neutrophils is 3-5.8 /mm^3^, so a value of 3.2 /mm^3^ is within the normal range and does not indicate any abnormality.

Choice D reason: This is not a correct result that the nurse should anticipate. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that are involved in the immune response and the production of antibodies. The normal range for lymphocytes is 1-4 /mm^3^, so a value of 3 /mm^3^ is within the normal range and does not indicate any abnormality.

A. Pale yellow B. Red C. Greenish-brown D. Dark and concentrated

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pale yellow is the normal color of urine, indicating adequate hydration and no bilirubin in the urine. Bilirubin is a pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. It is normally excreted in the bile, but if the bile duct is obstructed, it can accumulate in the blood and urine, causing jaundice and dark urine.

Choice B reason: Red urine can indicate blood in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infection, kidney stones, trauma, or cancer. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

Choice C reason: Greenish-brown urine can indicate bilirubin in the urine, which can be caused by bile duct obstruction or liver disease. It is a sign of cholestasis, which is a reduced or stopped flow of bile. The nurse should monitor the client for other signs of cholestasis such as jaundice, clay-colored stools, pruritus, and abdominal pain.

Choice D reason: Dark and concentrated urine can indicate dehydration, which can be caused by various factors such as fluid loss, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

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A client reports having heartburn, dysphagia, and frequent dyspepsia. What does the nurse suspect that these clinical manifestations indicate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute appendicitis. Which of the following results should the nurse anticipate when reviewing this client's laboratory values?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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