A client reports having heartburn, dysphagia, and frequent dyspepsia. What does the nurse suspect that these clinical manifestations indicate?
Gastritis
GERD
Peptic ulcer disease
Pancreatitis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Gastritis is not the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining, which can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Gastritis may cause heartburn or dyspepsia, but it does not usually cause dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing.
Choice B reason: GERD is the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is a chronic condition where the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. GERD can cause heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest or throat, dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing or a feeling of a lump in the throat, and dyspepsia, which is indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen.
Choice C reason: Peptic ulcer disease is not the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. Peptic ulcer disease is a condition where there are open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, which can cause bleeding, perforation, or obstruction. Peptic ulcer disease can cause dyspepsia, which is indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but it does not usually cause heartburn or dysphagia, which are more characteristic of GERD.
Choice D reason: Pancreatitis is not the most likely condition that these clinical manifestations indicate. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice. Pancreatitis does not cause heartburn, dysphagia, or dyspepsia, which are more characteristic of GERD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
Choice B reason: Diffusion is the process of moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without using energy.
Choice C reason: Filtration is the process of moving fluid and solutes through a membrane by a pressure gradient.
Choice D reason: Osmosis is the process of moving water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Normal saline is not contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Normal saline is an isotonic solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the blood plasma. It can help restore fluid balance and prevent cerebral edema.
Choice B reason: Dextrose in water 5% is contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Dextrose in water 5% is a hypotonic solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. It can cause fluid to shift from the blood vessels into the brain cells, increasing the intracranial pressure and worsening the skull fracture.
Choice C reason: Lactated Ringer's (LR) is not contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Lactated Ringer's (LR) is an isotonic solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the blood plasma. It can also provide electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which can help correct acid-base imbalances.
Choice D reason: Dextrose in normal saline is not contraindicated for a dehydrated client with a skull fracture. Dextrose in normal saline is a hypertonic solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. It can cause fluid to shift from the brain cells into the blood vessels, reducing the intracranial pressure and cerebral edema.
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