A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. The nurse should recognize that this stage is characterized by which of the following?
Imaginary playmates
Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy
Demonstrations of sexual curiosity
Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt
The Correct Answer is B
a. Imaginary playmates are more common in the preschool years, typically around ages 3 to 5, rather than during the toddler stage.
b. Toddlers are in Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, they strive for independence and autonomy, often exhibiting negative behaviors such as saying "no" frequently as they assert their independence. They are often in the stage of asserting their independence, leading to behaviors like tantrums, stubbornness, and defiance.
c. Sexual curiosity is more commonly seen in preschool and school-age children, not typically in toddlers.
d. This stage applies to preschool-aged children (approximately 3 to 6 years old), where they begin to assert power and control over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
At this age, toddlers enjoy exploring objects and are developing their motor skills, so large building blocks would be an appropriate toy choice. Hanging crib toys may be too limiting in terms of exploration, and modeling clay may not be safe due to the risk of ingestion. Crayons and a coloring book may be appropriate for older children, but at 12 months, the child's fine motor skills are still developing.
Correct Answer is ["B","E"]
Explanation
A.Toddlers experience slowed growth compared to infancy, leading to a natural decrease in appetite (physiologic anorexia). Instead of increasing caloric intake, parents should be encouraged to offer nutrient-dense foods in small, frequent meals and avoid pressuring the child to eat.
B.Tantrums are common in toddlers as they begin to assert independence but struggle with emotional regulation. Parents should use strategies such as remaining calm, setting clear limits, offering choices when appropriate, and using positive reinforcement to help manage tantrums effectively.
C.Establishing trust is a key developmental task of infancy (Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust stage). In toddlerhood (autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage), the focus is on developing independence, so guidance should focus on setting boundaries, providing choices, and allowing safe exploration rather than trust-building alone.
D.Cooperative play is typically aimed at older preschoolers and not toddlers, who are still developing social skills and tend to engage in parallel play rather than cooperative play.
E.Early dental hygiene is crucial for preventing cavities and establishing good oral health habits. Parents should begin brushing their toddler's teeth with a soft toothbrush and a small amount of fluoride toothpaste and schedule the first dental visit by 12 months of age or within 6 months of the first tooth eruption.
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