A nurse is assigned care of a patient who has HIV.
Which of the following infection control precautions should the nurse plan to use while caring for this patient?
Airborne precautions
Standard precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are spread by tiny droplets caused by coughing and sneezing. HIV is not spread through the air, so airborne precautions are not necessary.
Choice B rationale
Standard precautions are used for all patient care. They’re based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. HIV is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body fluids. Therefore, the nurse should plan to implement standard precautions when caring for this patient.
Choice C rationale
Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are spread by large droplets caused by coughing, sneezing, talking, or procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy. HIV is not spread through these methods, so droplet precautions are not necessary.
Choice D rationale
Contact precautions are used for diseases that are spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with environmental surfaces or patient care items. HIV is not spread through casual contact, so contact precautions are not necessary.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Changing gloves between tasks on the same client is a key infection control practice. This prevents cross-contamination between different body sites and reduces the risk of spreading infection.
Choice B rationale
Washing hands with alcohol-based hand rubs when caring for a client who has Clostridium difficile is not recommended. Clostridium difficile spores are not killed by alcohol-based hand rubs. Handwashing with soap and water is more effective.
Choice C rationale
Using alcohol-based hand rubs before administering eye drops for a client is a good practice, but it is not the most important information to reinforce. Hand hygiene is crucial in all aspects of patient care to prevent the spread of infection.
Choice D rationale
Keeping artificial nails trimmed short is a good practice, but it is not the most important information to reinforce. Artificial nails can harbor bacteria and other pathogens, increasing the risk of infection transmission.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A sodium level of 165 mEq/L is higher than the normal range and could indicate that the body is still dehydrated.
Choice B rationale
A hematocrit of 62.5 is higher than the normal range and could suggest that the body is still dehydrated.
Choice C rationale
A urine specific gravity of 1.020 is within the normal range and suggests that the body is rehydrating effectively.
Choice D rationale
A potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L is lower than the normal range and could suggest that the body’s electrolyte balance has not yet been restored.
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