A nurse is assisting in preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following alterations is appropriate for the nurse to include?
Thickened vertebral disks
Increased force of isometric contractions
Decreased chest width
Decreased muscle mass
The Correct Answer is D
A. Thickened vertebral disks: Aging leads to thinning of intervertebral disks, which contributes to a decrease in height and spinal flexibility.
B. Increased force of isometric contractions: Aging results in decreased muscle strength, not increased force of contractions.
C. Decreased chest width: Aging can lead to a barrel chest appearance due to changes in the thoracic cage, rather than a decrease in width.
D. Decreased muscle mass: Sarcopenia, or the loss of muscle mass with aging, is a common musculoskeletal change that contributes to reduced strength and function.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The client takes a 20-min nap each afternoon. Taking a short nap is a healthy coping mechanism and does not indicate ineffective coping.
B. The client has gained 4.5 kg (10 lb) in the past month. Sudden weight gain can indicate emotional eating or stress-related metabolic changes, which are signs of ineffective coping.
C. The client takes a walk for 1 hr each day. Walking is a positive coping strategy that helps manage stress.
D. The client is taking a poetry class. Engaging in creative activities is a healthy coping mechanism that can reduce stress.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Urinary frequency. Urinary frequency is an increased urge to void, which can be caused by a UTI but does not explain cloudy, foul-smelling urine on its own.
B. Urinary tract infection (UTI). Cloudy, dark amber urine with a foul odor is indicative of a UTI due to bacterial presence, pus (pyuria), and possibly hematuria.
C. Urinary retention. Urinary retention leads to distended bladder, incomplete emptying, and overflow incontinence, but it does not cause foul-smelling, cloudy urine unless it leads to secondary infection.
D. Urinary incontinence. Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine, but it does not cause cloudy or foul-smelling urine unless there is an underlying infection.
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