A nurse is assisting in preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following alterations is appropriate for the nurse to include?

Thickened vertebral disks

Increased force of isometric contractions

Decreased chest width

Decreased muscle mass

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Thickened vertebral disks: Aging leads to thinning of intervertebral disks, which contributes to a decrease in height and spinal flexibility.

B. Increased force of isometric contractions: Aging results in decreased muscle strength, not increased force of contractions.

C. Decreased chest width: Aging can lead to a barrel chest appearance due to changes in the thoracic cage, rather than a decrease in width.

D. Decreased muscle mass: Sarcopenia, or the loss of muscle mass with aging, is a common musculoskeletal change that contributes to reduced strength and function.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Relief of urinary retention. Urinary catheterization is indicated for clients who cannot void effectively, which can lead to bladder distension and complications.

B. Convenience for the nursing staff or the client's family. Catheterization should never be done for staff convenience due to the high risk of infection (CAUTI - catheter-associated urinary tract infection).

C. Routine acquisition of a urine specimen. Routine urine specimens should be obtained through clean-catch or midstream methods, unless a sterile sample is required for culture and sensitivity testing.

D. Measurement of residual urine after urination. Catheterization may be needed to measure post-void residual volume in cases of urinary retention.

E. Presence of an open perineal wound. A catheter can help prevent urine contamination of an open wound in the perineal area, reducing the risk of infection.

A. 5th Intercostal Space, Midclavicular Line B. 2nd Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border C. 2nd Intercostal Space, Right Sternal Border D. 3rd Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 5th Intercostal Space, Midclavicular Line. This is the location for the apical pulse (PMI) at the mitral area, not the aortic valve.

B. 2nd Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border. This is the location of the pulmonic valve, not the aortic valve.

C. 2nd Intercostal Space, Right Sternal Border. The aortic valve is best auscultated at the right second intercostal space, next to the sternum.

D. 3rd Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border. This is the Erb’s point, which provides equal S1 and S2 sounds, but it is not the best location for auscultating aortic valve dysfunction.

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A nurse is assisting in preparing a presentation at a senior center about age-related musculoskeletal changes. Which of the following alterations is appropriate for the nurse to include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is discussing indications for urinary catheterization with a newly licensed nurse. Which of following indications should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is planning to auscultate heart sounds. The history and physical indicates a history of Aortic Valve dysfunction. Where would the nurse auscultate to assess the Aortic Valve?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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