A nurse is assisting with a community health education program about childhood communicable diseases.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the presentation?
Children who have erythema infectious (fifth disease) require short-term antibiotic therapy.
Isolate children who have varicella until the vesicles have formed crusts.
Administration of childhood immunizations will prevent exanthem subitem (roseola infantum).
Restrict fluids for children who have pertussis.
The Correct Answer is B
Isolate children who have varicella until the vesicles have formed crusts.
Isolating children who have varicella, also known as chickenpox, until the vesicles (blisters) have formed crusts is an important infection control measure. Varicella is highly contagious, and the fluid-filled vesicles can easily spread the virus to others. Keeping the child isolated until the vesicles have crusted over helps prevent the spread of the disease.
Children who have erythema infectious, commonly known as fifth disease in (option A) is incorrect because they, do not require short-term antibiotic therapy. Fifth disease is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19 and is usually a self-limiting condition that resolves on its own without specific treatment.
Administration of childhood immunizations, such as the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine in (option C) is incorrect because it, does not prevent exanthem subitem, also known as roseola infantum. Roseola infantum is usually a mild viral illness that primarily affects infants and young children. It is caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and is characterized by high fever followed by a rash.
Restricting fluids for children who have pertussis (whooping cough) in (option D) is not appropriate. In fact, it is important to encourage adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially in children who may have difficulty eating or drinking due to persistent coughing spells. Pertussis is a bacterial infection, and treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The plantar Babinski reflex is assessed by stroking the sole of the foot from the heel toward the toes. A normal response is the flexion or curling of the toes. An abnormal response, known as a positive Babinski sign, is the extension and fanning out of the toes, which indicates an upper motor neuron lesion.
"Place your foot in my hand and I will tap the back of your heel": This instruction is more relevant to testing the Achilles tendon reflex, where the nurse taps the back of the heel to elicit a plantarflexion response.
"Sit on the edge of the bed while I tap your knee": This instruction is more relevant to testing the patellar reflex, also known as the knee-jerk reflex. The nurse taps the patellar tendon just below the kneecap to elicit a reflexive contraction of the quadriceps muscle.
"Relax your arm across your chest and I will test your elbow extension": This instruction is more relevant to testing the triceps reflex, where the nurse taps the triceps tendon to elicit a reflexive extension of the elbow.
Correct Answer is ["B","D"]
Explanation
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Assist the client with a bath: The client is independently transferring out of bed and ambulating in the hallway. Since they are managing personal mobility well, there is no immediate need for assistance with bathing, and this does not address the client’s most pressing issues.
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Encourage oral fluid intake: The client is experiencing hard, painful bowel movements and abdominal cramping, which are signs of constipation. Increased oral fluid intake can help soften stool and promote more regular bowel movements, making this a supportive and appropriate intervention.
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Irrigate indwelling catheter with 500 mL of fluid: The client is voiding 100 mL/hr of pink urine, which is a normal finding in the early postoperative period and does not suggest catheter obstruction. Therefore, irrigation is not indicated and could introduce infection unnecessarily.
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Administer an enema: The client reports painful, incomplete bowel elimination and abdominal cramping, which may indicate constipation or fecal impaction. Administering an enema is an appropriate intervention to relieve discomfort and promote bowel evacuation.
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Encourage prolonged dangling before ambulation: The client is already ambulating independently in the hallway, indicating they are tolerating activity well. There is no evidence of orthostatic intolerance, so prolonged dangling is not necessary.
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