A nurse is assisting with preparing a toddler for an intravenous procedure.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)

Choice A rationale

Avoiding stimulation is not a necessary intervention for a newborn receiving phototherapy. Phototherapy is a treatment for jaundice where the exposure of skin to a light source converts unconjugated bilirubin molecules into water-soluble isomers that can be excreted by the usual pathways. There is no specific need to avoid stimulation during this treatment.

Choice B rationale

Decreasing fluid intake is not a recommended intervention for a newborn receiving phototherapy. In fact, adequate hydration is important during phototherapy to promote the excretion of bilirubin. Therefore, fluid intake should not be decreased.

Choice C rationale

Monitoring skin temperature closely is a necessary intervention for a newborn receiving phototherapy. The lights used in phototherapy can generate heat, so it’s important to monitor the baby’s temperature to prevent overheating.

Choice D rationale

Covering the newborn’s eyes with eye shields or patches is a necessary intervention during phototherapy. This is done to protect the baby’s eyes from the bright lights used in the treatment.

Choice E rationale

Repositioning the newborn every 2 hours is a necessary intervention during phototherapy. This helps to expose different areas of the baby’s skin to the light, which can improve the effectiveness of the treatment.

Choice A rationale

While it’s important to set boundaries and expectations for behavior, telling a toddler that temper tantrums are not acceptable may not be effective. Toddlers are still learning how to manage their emotions and may not fully understand this concept.

Choice B rationale

Punishing a toddler after a tantrum can reinforce the negative behavior. It’s better to ignore the tantrum and then praise the child when they are behaving appropriately.

Choice C rationale

Ignoring a toddler’s temper tantrums can be an effective strategy. By not giving attention to the negative behavior, the toddler learns that tantrums are not a successful way to get what they want.

Choice D rationale

Offering a reward if the child stops the tantrum can reinforce the negative behavior. The child may learn to start tantrums in order to receive a reward for stopping.