A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about alternative medicine. The nurse should include that which of the following practices is based on a balance of the body, mind, and spirit to prevent disease?

A. As individuals age, balance often decreases due to factors such as changes in vision, muscle strength, and proprioception. Older adults may be more prone to falls because of diminished balance and coordination.
B. While bones may become denser in some cases due to increased calcification, this is not the typical expectation. Generally, older adults experience a decrease in bone density, which can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis. Aging bones may lose calcium and other minerals, making them more fragile.
C. Age-related changes in joints, such as decreased synovial fluid production, cartilage degeneration, and changes in ligaments, can lead to increased stiffness and discomfort in joints. Conditions like osteoarthritis can also contribute to this stiffness.
D. With aging, there is usually a decrease in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia. Older adults may experience a gradual loss of muscle tissue, leading to decreased overall muscle mass and strength.

A. Glaucoma typically affects peripheral vision first and may lead to tunnel vision as the disease progresses. While it can cause significant vision loss, it is not primarily characterized by a decrease in central vision.
B. Macular degeneration specifically affects the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to a loss of central vision while peripheral vision remains intact. It is the most common cause of vision loss in older adults and directly correlates with the symptom described.
C. Diabetic retinopathy primarily affects the blood vessels in the retina and can lead to various vision problems, including blurred vision, floaters, and even blindness. However, it does not exclusively cause a decrease in central vision; it often affects both central and peripheral vision.
D. Cataracts typically cause cloudy or blurred vision but do not specifically lead to a decrease in central vision alone. They may affect overall vision clarity, including both central and peripheral vision, but the primary symptom is a general haziness rather than a focused loss of central vision.