A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about heart sounds. Which of the following sounds is heard when the aortic and pulmonic valves close?

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason : S1 represents the sound made by the closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) and is not the sound associated with the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.

Choice B reason : S2 is the sound heard when the aortic and pulmonic valves close. It is often described as a "dub" and occurs at the end of ventricular systole.

Choice C reason : S3 is a rare extra heart sound that follows S2 and usually indicates an increase in left ventricular filling pressure, which can be found in conditions such as heart failure.

Choice D reason : S4 is another extra heart sound that occurs just before S1. It is typically associated with a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle and is not related to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason : Advising a client with PVD not to go barefoot is correct. Going barefoot can increase the risk of injury to the feet, which can be particularly dangerous in individuals with PVD due to poor circulation. Any injuries to the feet may heal poorly and can lead to complications such as ulcers or infections.

Choice B reason : Using a thermometer to check the temperature of bath water is a recommended practice for clients with PVD. Due to potential nerve damage and reduced sensation in the extremities, clients may not accurately gauge water temperature, leading to burns. Therefore, using a thermometer helps prevent thermal injury.

Choice C reason : Wearing stockings with elastic tops is not recommended for clients with PVD. Elastic tops can constrict blood flow in the legs, exacerbating circulation problems. Instead, clients should wear non-constricting, well-fitting socks or stockings that promote blood flow.

Choice D reason : Avoiding crossing legs at the knees is good advice for clients with PVD. Crossing the legs can restrict blood flow to the lower extremities, which is already compromised in PVD. Keeping the legs uncrossed and elevating them when possible can help improve circulation.

A. Barrel chest B. Clubbing of the fingers C. Heart murmur D. Bradycardia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: A barrel chest is typically not associated with mitral valve stenosis. It is more commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to hyperinflation of the lungs. Mitral valve stenosis affects the heart and not the lung structure.

Choice B reason: Clubbing of the fingers is a sign that can be associated with chronic hypoxia and certain types of congenital heart disease. While it can be seen in some heart conditions, it is not a specific finding for mitral valve stenosis.

Choice C reason: A heart murmur, specifically a diastolic murmur, is a classic finding in mitral valve stenosis. As the stenotic mitral valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, a pressure gradient is created, which produces a murmur that can be heard upon auscultation.

Choice D reason: Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not a direct finding associated with mitral valve stenosis. Mitral valve stenosis may lead to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation due to atrial enlargement, but bradycardia is not typically induced by this condition.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a newly licensed nurse about heart sounds. Which of the following sounds is heard when the aortic and pulmonic valves close?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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