A nurse is assisting with the care of a school-age child who has shigella. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Maintain oral rehydration therapy.
Provide a diet high in sodium.
Administer antiviral medication.
Give antidiarrheal agents every 4 hours.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Maintaining oral rehydration therapy is a crucial nursing action when caring for a child with shigella, which is a bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea. Oral rehydration therapy helps prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances caused by fluid loss from diarrhea. It involves giving the child oral rehydration solutions containing electrolytes and fluids to replace those lost through diarrhea.
Choice B rationale:
Providing a diet high in sodium is not recommended for a child with shigella. Shigella is associated with diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms, and a high-sodium diet can worsen fluid imbalances and dehydration.
Choice C rationale:
Shigella is a bacterial infection, not a viral infection, so administering antiviral medication would not be effective or appropriate. Antiviral medications are used to treat viral infections, not bacterial ones like shigella.
Choice D rationale:
Giving antidiarrheal agents every 4 hours is not recommended for a child with shigella. Antidiarrheal agents can slow down the gastrointestinal tract and inhibit the body's natural mechanism for expelling harmful substances, such as bacteria. It's important to allow the body to eliminate the bacteria and toxins causing the infection through diarrhea, while simultaneously providing rehydration support.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Positioning the child sitting with their buttocks at the edge of the table is not appropriate for collecting a bone marrow specimen from a preschooler. This position does not provide adequate access to the bone marrow aspiration site and may lead to discomfort for the child.
Choice B rationale:
Placing the child in a prone position (lying face down) is suitable for collecting a bone marrow specimen from a preschooler. This position exposes the posterior iliac crest, which is a common site for bone marrow aspiration. It allows for easier access to the bone marrow and reduces the risk of injury.
Choice C rationale:
Positioning the child side-lying to expose the vertebrae is not the recommended position for bone marrow aspiration. The iliac crest, not the vertebrae, is the usual site for this procedure in children. Placing the child in a side-lying position would make it difficult to access the appropriate site.
Choice D rationale:
Placing the child supine with legs flexed outward into a frog-like position is suitable for collecting a bone marrow specimen. This position provides access to the iliac crest while allowing for better immobilization of the child. It also ensures the child's safety and comfort during the procedure.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Iron 100 mcg/dL The normal range for serum iron levels can vary based on age and gender, but typically, a range of 50 to 150 mcg/dL is considered normal. The provided value of 100 mcg/dL falls within this range and is not a cause for concern. Elevated iron levels can be indicative of hemochromatosis or other disorders, but this value is not concerning.
Choice B rationale:
Hemoglobin 8 g/dL Hemoglobin levels can vary by age and gender, but in general, a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL is low and suggestive of anemia, a condition characterized by a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms, and the nurse should report this finding to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.
Choice C rationale:
Sodium 140 mEq/L The normal range for serum sodium levels is typically around 135 to 145 mEq/L. The provided value of 140 mEq/L falls within this normal range and is not a cause for concern. Deviations from this range can indicate various conditions, including dehydration or overhydration, but this value is within an acceptable range.
Choice D rationale:
Calcium 9 mg/dL The normal range for serum calcium levels can vary, but generally, a range of 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL is considered normal. The provided value of 9 mg/dL falls within this range and is not significantly abnormal. Abnormal calcium levels can be indicative of various conditions, including thyroid disorders or kidney problems, but this value is not concerning.
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