A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a 1-year-old following cleft lip and cleft palate repair.
Which of the following are developmental concerns for the infant? Potential delays in:
Fine motor skills.
Oral motor skills.
Proprioceptive skills.
Olfactory motor skills.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
While fine motor skills may be indirectly affected, primary developmental concerns following cleft lip and palate repair center on oral motor function. The anatomical reconstruction primarily impacts feeding, speech articulation, and oral coordination, which are foundational to oral motor skill development. Fine motor development is less directly impacted by this specific surgical correction.
Choice B rationale
Cleft lip and palate repair directly impacts the oral structures essential for proper feeding and speech development, leading to potential delays in oral motor skills. Infants may experience difficulties with sucking, swallowing, and later, articulating sounds due to altered anatomy and muscle function. Early intervention and therapy are crucial to address these challenges.
Choice C rationale
Proprioceptive skills, which involve the sense of body position and movement, are not typically a primary developmental concern following cleft lip and palate repair. The surgery primarily affects the oral cavity and facial structures. While overall development can be complex, direct anatomical or neurological impact on proprioception is not a standard complication.
Choice D rationale
Olfactory motor skills, related to the sense of smell and associated motor responses, are not directly impacted by cleft lip and palate repair. The surgical intervention focuses on the oral and facial structures, not the olfactory system. Therefore, developmental delays in this specific area are not a primary concern following this type of corrective surgery.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Confronting bullying behavior directly establishes clear professional boundaries and expectations within the unit. This approach fosters a psychologically safe environment, which is crucial for team cohesion and optimal patient care. Addressing the issue promptly prevents escalation and demonstrates leadership commitment to a respectful workplace, promoting accountability and encouraging healthier communication patterns among staff.
Choice B rationale
Modeling bullying behavior is counterproductive and unethical, as it normalizes and perpetuates harmful actions within the workplace. Such actions undermine trust, decrease morale, and can lead to increased stress, burnout, and higher staff turnover rates. A nurse manager's role is to promote a positive and supportive work environment, not to emulate detrimental behaviors.
Choice C rationale
Ignoring horizontal violence, even if not physical, can have significant negative psychological and professional consequences for staff members and the unit. Verbal abuse and gossip erode trust, create a toxic work environment, and can lead to increased anxiety, depression, and decreased job satisfaction, ultimately impacting patient care quality.
Choice D rationale
While logging observed behavior is a useful documentation tool, waiting for an annual evaluation to address horizontal violence delays necessary intervention. Prompt and direct confrontation is essential to mitigate immediate harm and prevent further escalation. Addressing the issue in a timely manner demonstrates a commitment to a safe workplace and supports a healthy team dynamic.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The statement "I can change who I designate as my health care proxy at any time" indicates a correct understanding. A health care proxy designation is a revocable document, meaning the individual can modify or revoke their chosen proxy at any point, provided they have the decisional capacity to do so, reflecting their evolving wishes.
Choice B rationale
The statement "The health care proxy does not go into effect until I am incapable of making decisions" indicates a correct understanding. A health care proxy's authority is activated only when the principal is deemed medically incapacitated and unable to communicate their own healthcare decisions, preserving patient autonomy while capable.
Choice C rationale
The statement "If I become incapacitated, end-of-life choices will be made by my proxy" indicates a correct understanding. The designated health care proxy is legally empowered to make medical decisions, including end-of-life choices, on behalf of the incapacitated individual, aligning with the patient's previously expressed wishes or acting in their best interest.
Choice D rationale
The statement "I have to choose a family member as my health care proxy" indicates a need for clarification. While many individuals choose a family member, the law does not restrict the choice of a health care proxy to family members only. A person can designate any trusted adult, such as a friend, as their proxy, as long as they are competent and willing to serve. .
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