An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia

Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion

Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the left side of me heart

Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia: This option is not the primary reason for dyspnea in PDA. While there is shunting, it doesn't directly cause pulmonary hypoxia.

B. Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion: This option is partially correct but does not address the primary reason for dyspnea, which is the bypassing of the left side of the heart.

C. Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.

In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a fetal blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be shunted directly from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the normal route through the left side of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The shunting of oxygenated blood back into the pulmonary circulation can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow and circulatory congestion, causing symptoms such as dyspnea.

D. Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia: PDA primarily affects the pulmonary circulation and left side of the heart, not the coronary arteries. Myocardial hypoxia is not the primary mechanism of dyspnea in PDA.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Engaging the child in games with other children is important for social development, but it depends on the child's individual readiness and comfort level with social interactions. It's crucial to consider the child's temperament and developmental stage.

B. Encourage the child to feed himself finger foods.

At 18 months of age, children are typically developing their fine motor skills and independence. Encouraging self-feeding with finger foods is a developmentally appropriate activity. It promotes independence, fine motor skill development, and a positive feeding experience.

C. Allowing the child to walk independently on the nursing unit is appropriate if the child is developmentally ready and safe to do so. It promotes gross motor skill development and independence.

D. Holding and cuddling the child often is important for emotional and social development. However, the frequency and style of interaction should be individualized based on the child's preferences and needs. Some children may prefer more independence at this age.

A. "Palliative care focuses on the care of the client. B. "Palliative care is an inter-professional approach to the delivery of care C. "Palliative care is the same as hospice care." D. "Palliative care includes symptom management in the cent

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Palliative care focuses on the care of the client." - This statement is accurate. Palliative care is centered around providing comprehensive care that addresses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the patient.

B. "Palliative care is an inter-professional approach to the delivery of care." - This statement is also accurate. Palliative care typically involves a team of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, social workers, chaplains, and other specialists, who work collaboratively to provide holistic care.

C. "Palliative care is the same as hospice care." - This statement is incorrect. Palliative care and hospice care share similarities in that they both focus on improving the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses, but they are not the same. The key difference is that palliative care can be provided at any stage of a serious illness, even alongside curative treatments, while hospice care is typically provided when a patient has a terminal illness with a prognosis of six months or less to live.

D. "Palliative care includes symptom management in the cent" - This statement is accurate. Symptom management and relief of distressing symptoms are essential components of palliative care, with the goal of improving the patient's quality of life.

So, the statement in option C is incorrect, and the registered nurse should correct it by explaining the distinction between palliative care and hospice care to the client's family.

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An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is planning care for an 18 month-old child. Which of the following should be included in the child's care?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A student nurse is describing palliative care to a client's family. Which statement made by the student nurse Indicates a need for correction by the registered nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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