An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia

Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion

Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the left side of me heart

Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia: This option is not the primary reason for dyspnea in PDA. While there is shunting, it doesn't directly cause pulmonary hypoxia.

B. Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion: This option is partially correct but does not address the primary reason for dyspnea, which is the bypassing of the left side of the heart.

C. Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.

In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a fetal blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be shunted directly from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the normal route through the left side of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The shunting of oxygenated blood back into the pulmonary circulation can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow and circulatory congestion, causing symptoms such as dyspnea.

D. Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia: PDA primarily affects the pulmonary circulation and left side of the heart, not the coronary arteries. Myocardial hypoxia is not the primary mechanism of dyspnea in PDA.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Demonstrating independent dressing is usually not expected at 18 months. Toddlers are still developing fine motor skills and may need assistance with dressing.

B. Using a vocabulary of 300 words is advanced for an 18-month-old. At this age, most children have a more limited vocabulary, typically around 50 words or so.

C. Jump with both feet.

At 18 months of age, children are usually developing their motor skills, including gross motor skills like walking, running, and jumping. Jumping with both feet is an age-appropriate milestone for a toddler of this age.

D. Walking upstairs with one hand held is typically not expected at 18 months. This is a skill that develops later as toddlers gain more confidence in their mobility and coordination.

A. Broccoli B. Chicken C. Lean Steak D. Carrots E. Whole Milk

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Iron-rich foods that should be recommended for a toddler with iron deficiency anemia include:

B. Chicken: Chicken, especially dark meat, is a good source of heme iron, which is easily absorbed by the body.

C. Lean Steak: Lean beef, such as steak, is also a good source of heme iron.

Non-heme iron from plant-based sources is also beneficial but is generally less easily absorbed. So, the following options are non-heme iron sources:

A. Broccoli: While broccoli contains iron, it is a non-heme iron source. It can still contribute to iron intake, but it's not as efficient as heme iron from animal sources.

D. Carrots: Similar to broccoli, carrots contain non-heme iron, but they can be part of a balanced diet for increasing iron intake.

E. Whole Milk: Whole milk can interfere with iron absorption in the body. It's not recommended for children with iron deficiency anemia, as it can make the condition worse. It's better to choose lower-fat milk or alternative milk sources.

Additionally, other sources of iron-rich foods for toddlers can include fortified cereals, legumes (like lentils and beans), and fortified infant formulas if needed. Always consult with a healthcare provider for specific dietary recommendations based on the child's condition.

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An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When assessing an 18-month-old toddler, the nurse would expect the child to be able to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which iron-rich foods should the nurse recommend for a toddler-age client who is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia? (Select all that apply

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

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