A nurse is caring for a child who has influenza. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the parent indicates the child has an increased risk for Reye syndrome?
"I give my child ibuprofen when his muscles are aching."
"I am encouraging my child to drink grapefruit juice."
"I am leaving a humidifier on in my child's room when he naps."
"I give my child aspirin to reduce his fever."
The Correct Answer is D
A. Ibuprofen is not associated with Reye syndrome. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) often used to relieve pain and reduce fever in children.
B. Grapefruit juice does not increase the risk of Reye syndrome. However, it can interact with various medications, altering their effectiveness.
C. Using a humidifier can help ease symptoms of influenza by keeping the air moist, and it does not increase the risk of Reye syndrome.
D. This statement indicates an increased risk for Reye syndrome. Aspirin, or salicylate-containing medications, should be avoided in children and teenagers recovering from viral infections like influenza due to the associated risk of Reye syndrome.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The frequency of peak flow monitoring should be determined by the healthcare provider and vary depending on the severity of the asthma.
B. Encouraging physical activity is important for overall health, including for children with asthma. Specific sports depend on triggers
C. Identifying and avoiding triggers that can exacerbate asthma symptoms is an essential part of asthma management. By avoiding triggers whenever possible, the child can help prevent asthma attacks and maintain better control of their condition.
D. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabilizer that can help prevent asthma symptoms when used regularly, but it is not typically used for immediate relief of symptoms at the first sign of breathing difficulty. Short-acting bronchodilators, such as albuterol, are usually recommended for quick relief of asthma symptoms.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Release of sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation: In response to metabolic acidosis, the kidneys may attempt to compensate by excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions. However, this mechanism does not contribute to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 diabetes, resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. In the absence of sufficient insulin, the body cannot properly utilize glucose for energy, leading to increased lipolysis (breakdown of fat) and subsequent production of ketone bodies (such as acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate) as an alternative fuel source. The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the blood pH, leading to metabolic acidosis characteristic of DKA.
C. Excretion of excess potassium from cellular death: Diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyperkalemia due to shifts of potassium out of cells as acidosis worsens. However, this is a consequence of DKA rather than a primary cause.
D. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. Elevated glucose levels contribute to the osmotic diuresis seen in DKA, but they are not the primary cause of ketoacidosis.
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