A 2-year old is admitted to the pediatric with acute onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis results from an excessive accumulation of which of the following?
Release of sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation
Ketone bodies from fat metabolism
Excretion of excess potassium from cellular death
Elevated glucose from elevated insulin
The Correct Answer is B
A. Release of sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation: In response to metabolic acidosis, the kidneys may attempt to compensate by excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions. However, this mechanism does not contribute to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 diabetes, resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. In the absence of sufficient insulin, the body cannot properly utilize glucose for energy, leading to increased lipolysis (breakdown of fat) and subsequent production of ketone bodies (such as acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate) as an alternative fuel source. The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the blood pH, leading to metabolic acidosis characteristic of DKA.
C. Excretion of excess potassium from cellular death: Diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyperkalemia due to shifts of potassium out of cells as acidosis worsens. However, this is a consequence of DKA rather than a primary cause.
D. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. Elevated glucose levels contribute to the osmotic diuresis seen in DKA, but they are not the primary cause of ketoacidosis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Infants at 7 months of age begin to develop a pincer grasp, which involves using the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects. This is considered a normal developmental milestone.
B. Development of food preferences is a normal aspect of infant development as they explore different tastes and textures and, therefore, no need for further evaluation.
C. Infants at 7 months of age exhibit more advanced language development compared to earlier months. Babbling one-syllable sounds is a milestone expected by this age, and a lack of babbling may indicate a delay in language development warranting further evaluation by a healthcare provider.
D. Stranger anxiety typically emerges around 6 to 9 months of age as infants become more aware of unfamiliar people and may exhibit fear or discomfort in their presence. This is considered a normal developmental stage
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This action helps prevent aspiration by allowing any fluids to drain out of the mouth and minimizing the risk of airway obstruction. Placing the child on their side also reduces the risk of injury during the seizure.
B. Inserting objects into the mouth during a seizure is not recommended as it can cause injury to the child's teeth, gums, or tongue.
C. Attempting to stop the seizure: Nurses should not attempt to stop the seizure as it is a neurological event beyond their control. Seizure control is done through short acting antiseizures.
D. Restraining the child's arms can lead to injury. It is important to allow the child to move freely during the seizure while ensuring their safety from nearby hazards.
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