A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old toddler notices a large abdominal mass and pink-tinged urine on the diaper. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Wilms' tumor

Intussusception

Nephritic syndrome

Pyloric stenosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A Wilms' tumor is a common kidney cancer that primarily affects children. One of the classic signs of this tumor is the presence of a large abdominal mass, which may be palpable upon physical examination and hematuria (pink-tinged urine).
B.   Intussusception is a condition where a part of the intestine folds into another section, causing an obstruction. The symptoms can include episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools, and lethargy.
C.   Nephritic syndrome is a renal condition characterized by inflammation. The symptoms often include hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria.
D.   Pyloric stenosis is a condition where the distal opening of the stomach is obstructed due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. It presents with projectile vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and weight loss.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale is used to assess pain in infants and young children who may not be able to verbalize their pain. Each category is scored from 0 to 2, with a total score ranging from 0 to 10.

A. This scale uses facial expressions to depict pain levels and is typically used for children over 3 years old who can point to the face that represents their pain level.

C. Oucher is used for children who can communicate their pain by pointing to photographs of other children in pain. It is not suitable for infants.

D. Visual Analog Scale requires clients to mark their pain level on a line. It is not suitable for infants who cannot communicate their pain verbally or through such methods.

A. "Use the peak expiratory flow meter once per week." B. "You should stop playing basketball, but you can swim instead." C. "Avoid triggers that cause an attack." D. "Take cromolyn sodium at the first sign of breathing difficulty."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The frequency of peak flow monitoring should be determined by the healthcare provider and vary depending on the severity of the asthma.

B. Encouraging physical activity is important for overall health, including for children with asthma. Specific sports depend on triggers

C. Identifying and avoiding triggers that can exacerbate asthma symptoms is an essential part of asthma management. By avoiding triggers whenever possible, the child can help prevent asthma attacks and maintain better control of their condition.

D. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabilizer that can help prevent asthma symptoms when used regularly, but it is not typically used for immediate relief of symptoms at the first sign of breathing difficulty. Short-acting bronchodilators, such as albuterol, are usually recommended for quick relief of asthma symptoms.

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A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old toddler notices a large abdominal mass and pink-tinged urine on the diaper. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

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