A nurse is caring for a client admitted for renal calculus. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse associate with renal calculi?
(Select All that Apply.)
Incontinence
Gastrointestinal upset
Urinary urgency
Fever
Flank pain
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
A. Incontinence: Incontinence is not a typical symptom of renal calculi. Pain, urgency, and difficulty urinating are more common.
B. Gastrointestinal upset: Nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal upset can occur as a result of renal colic due to the proximity of the kidneys to the gastrointestinal system.
C. Urinary urgency: Clients with renal calculi may experience urinary urgency due to irritation of the urinary tract.
D. Fever: Fever may indicate an infection related to the obstruction caused by the stone, such as pyelonephritis.
E. Flank pain: Flank pain, often severe and radiating to the lower abdomen or groin, is a classic symptom of renal calculi as the stone moves through the urinary tract.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Low back pain: While this can be a symptom of a UTI, it is not unique to older adults and can be seen in various age groups.
B. Confusion: In older adults, UTIs often present with atypical symptoms, such as confusion or delirium, rather than the classic symptoms like dysuria or frequency. This can be a sign of infection in this population.
C. Urinary retention: This is not specific to UTIs in older adults and can occur for other reasons, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
D. Incontinence: Although older adults may experience incontinence, it is not a unique sign of UTI and could be related to other conditions like weakened pelvic muscles.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Overdose: The patient has ingested a large quantity of unknown pills, leading to severe metabolic acidosis, high anion gap, and possible toxic accumulation. Dialysis is often indicated to clear toxins in the case of overdose, especially if renal function is impaired (as indicated by elevated creatinine).
B. Chronic Kidney Disease: While chronic kidney disease may eventually require dialysis, the acute overdose and metabolic acidosis are the more immediate concerns requiring urgent dialysis.
C. Hypertension: Hypertension may require management, but it is not the primary reason to initiate urgent dialysis in this scenario. The overdose and metabolic acidosis take precedence.
D. Dehydration: Dehydration alone does not necessitate dialysis. However, the overdose, metabolic acidosis, and renal impairment are the critical reasons for initiating dialysis.
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