A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. The client is experiencing a hypomanic episode. Which of the following symptoms is most consistent with this phase of bipolar disorder?

Feelings of grandiosity

Total loss of interest in activities

Decreased need for sleep

Severe depressive moods

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Feelings of grandiosity are more characteristic of mania in bipolar I disorder. Hypomania in bipolar II involves milder elevated mood, energy, and confidence without extreme grandiosity, making this symptom less consistent with a hypomanic episode.

Choice B reason: Total loss of interest in activities is a depressive symptom, not hypomania. Hypomanic episodes involve increased energy and engagement in activities, often with heightened productivity or creativity, making this inconsistent with the client’s current state.

Choice C reason: Decreased need for sleep is a hallmark of hypomania in bipolar II, where clients feel rested after minimal sleep due to heightened energy from altered dopamine and norepinephrine activity. This is highly consistent with hypomanic episodes, distinguishing it from mania.

Choice D reason: Severe depressive moods characterize the depressive phase of bipolar II, not hypomania. Hypomanic episodes involve elevated mood and energy, contrasting with the low mood and fatigue of depression, making this inconsistent.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Weight gain is not a common side effect of buspirone, which affects serotonin and dopamine receptors to reduce anxiety. It is more associated with antidepressants like SSRIs or mirtazapine, which alter metabolism or appetite, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Buspirone commonly causes dizziness due to its effects on serotonin and dopamine pathways, which can alter blood pressure or central nervous system function. This side effect is significant, as it impacts safety and requires client awareness, making it a key teaching point.

Choice C reason: Dry skin is not a recognized side effect of buspirone. This medication primarily affects neurological and gastrointestinal systems, not dermatological conditions, making this an irrelevant and incorrect side effect to include in client education.

Choice D reason: Increased appetite is not typically associated with buspirone. While some psychotropic medications affect appetite, buspirone’s primary side effects include dizziness and nausea, not appetite changes, making this an incorrect focus for client education.

A. Pacemaker spikes before each QRS complex B. Pacemaker spikes after each P wave C. Pacemaker spikes with each T wave D. Pacemaker spikes after each QRS complex

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A ventricular pacemaker stimulates the ventricles, producing a spike on the ECG before each QRS complex, indicating proper pacing and capture. This ensures the ventricles contract in response to the pacemaker’s electrical impulse, maintaining adequate cardiac output in clients with conduction issues.

Choice B reason: Pacemaker spikes after each P wave suggest atrial pacing, not ventricular pacing. Ventricular pacemakers target ventricular contraction, so spikes should precede the QRS complex, not follow the P wave, making this an incorrect indicator of proper ventricular pacemaker function.

Choice C reason: Pacemaker spikes with each T wave are not indicative of proper ventricular pacemaker function. T waves represent ventricular repolarization, and pacing at this phase is ineffective and potentially dangerous, as it does not initiate ventricular contraction, ruling out this option.

Choice D reason: Pacemaker spikes after each QRS complex indicate failure to pace appropriately, as ventricular depolarization has already occurred. Proper ventricular pacing requires spikes before the QRS to initiate contraction, making this an incorrect sign of a functioning ventricular pacemaker.

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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. The client is experiencing a hypomanic episode. Which of the following symptoms is most consistent with this phase of bipolar disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with generalized anxiety disorder is prescribed buspirone. Which side effect should the nurse include in the client’s education?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with a ventricular pacemaker who is on ECG monitoring. The nurse understands that the pacemaker is functioning properly when which of the following appears on the monitor strip?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse observes a client who is rapidly pacing, wringing their hands, and trembling. Their speech is high-pitched, they are unable to concentrate, and have restricted problem-solving. The nurse identifies the client’s anxiety level as:

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A nurse is visiting a client in the home setting after discharge from the hospital for treatment of multiple area skin infections and cellulitis. Which behavior does the nurse document as a dangerous sign that the client is hoarding?

A client who is prescribed lithium carbonate is being discharged from inpatient care. Which medication information should the nurse teach this client?

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