A nurse is caring for a client in the dying process. How can the nurse best support the client and their family? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Assess the family members for potentially poor bereavement outcomes.

Encourage the family to feed the client frequent meals.

Assess the client's family members understanding of the dying process.

Urge the family to limit the time they spend with the client.

Support the client's religious and cultural beliefs and practices.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. Assessing family members for potential poor bereavement outcomes, such as complicated grief or unresolved issues, allows the nurse to provide appropriate support and interventions. This may involve identifying risk factors, offering counseling or referrals to support services, and providing emotional support to family members as needed.

C. Assessing the understanding of the dying process among family members helps the nurse identify their informational needs, address misconceptions, and provide education and support accordingly. Clear communication and open dialogue can help alleviate anxiety and uncertainty and empower family members to participate actively in the care of their loved one.

E. Respecting and supporting the client's religious and cultural beliefs and practices is essential in providing culturally competent care. This may involve collaborating with spiritual or religious leaders, facilitating rituals or ceremonies, providing appropriate accommodations, and honoring the client's preferences regarding end-of-life care and decision-making.

B. Encouraging frequent meals may not be appropriate during the dying process, as the client's appetite and ability to eat may be significantly diminished. Instead, the focus should be on providing comfort measures, maintaining oral hygiene, and offering small, manageable amounts of food or fluids based on the client's preferences and comfort level.

D. Urging the family to limit their time with the client is contrary to supporting them during the dying process. Family presence and involvement are essential for providing emotional support, companionship, and comfort to the client. Encouraging meaningful interactions and opportunities for sharing memories and expressions of love can promote a sense of connection and closure for both the client and their family.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Changing the client's arm position, such as raising or lowering it, could potentially improve flow by altering the gravitational pull on the IV solution. For example, raising the arm could increase flow due to increased pressure, while lowering it could decrease flow. However, this approach may not always be effective and should be done cautiously to avoid discomfort or compromising the integrity of the IV site.
B. Using an infusion pump can help regulate the flow rate of the IV solution more accurately compared to gravity alone. However, if the IV is running slowly due to factors unrelated to the infusion rate setting, such as a partial blockage or resistance in the IV line, using an infusion pump may not necessarily improve the flow rate.
C. Lowering the height of the IV pole can increase the gravitational force acting on the IV solution, potentially improving flow. This adjustment can help overcome minor obstructions in the IV line and facilitate better flow. However, it should be done cautiously to avoid excessive pressure on the IV site or causing discomfort to the client.
D. Opening the clamp fully for an extended period is not a recommended approach. It could lead to rapid infusion or an excessive flow rate, increasing the risk of complications such as fluid overload or vein irritation. Additionally, this action does not address the underlying reason for the slow flow rate and may not effectively resolve the issue.

A. pH 7.54. PaCO2 25. HCO3 24 B. pH 7.50, PaCO2 40, HCO3 28 C. pH 7.35, PaCO2 35, HCO3 22 D. pH 7.32. PaCO2 48, HCO3 24

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In respiratory alkalosis, the pH is elevated (alkalotic), the PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) is decreased (hypocapnia), and the HCO3 (bicarbonate) level may be within normal limits or slightly decreased due to compensatory mechanisms. In this option, the pH is elevated (7.54), the PaCO2 is decreased (25), and the HCO3 level is within normal limits (24). These findings support respiratory alkalosis.
B. pH 7.50, PaCO2 40, HCO3 28: In this option, the pH is elevated (7.50), the PaCO2 is within normal limits (40), and the HCO3 level is elevated (28). These findings are not consistent with respiratory alkalosis. Instead, they suggest metabolic alkalosis, where both the pH and bicarbonate levels are elevated.
C. pH 7.35, PaCO2 35, HCO3 22: In this option, the pH is within normal limits (7.35), the PaCO2 is within normal limits (35), and the HCO3 level is within normal limits (22). These findings are not consistent with respiratory alkalosis.
D. pH 7.32. PaCO2 48, HCO3 24: In respiratory alkalosis, the pH is elevated (alkalotic), the PaCO2 is decreased (hypocapnia), and the HCO3 level may be within normal limits or slightly decreased due to compensatory mechanisms. In this option, the pH is within normal limits (7.32), the PaCO2 is elevated (48), and the HCO3 level is within normal limits (24). These findings are not consistent with respiratory alkalosis.

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A nurse is caring for a client in the dying process. How can the nurse best support the client and their family? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Explanation

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