A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Magnesium

Folic acid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The nurse should identify that the client who follows a vegan diet is at risk for deficiencies in Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and potentially Calcium.
1.   Vitamin D: Vitamin D is primarily obtained from sunlight exposure and is also found in animal-based foods such as fatty fish, liver, and egg yolks. Since a vegan diet excludes animal products, it can be challenging to obtain sufficient Vitamin D. Vegans should consider fortified foods (e.g., plant-based milk, breakfast cereals) and may require Vitamin D supplements.
2.   Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is naturally found only in animal products, such as meat, fish, dairy, and eggs. Vegans are at a high risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency because
plant-based foods do not provide adequate amounts. Vegans should consider taking Vitamin B12 supplements or consuming foods fortified with Vitamin B12, such as certain plant-based milk, meat substitutes, and breakfast cereals.
3.   Calcium: Calcium is essential for bone health. While it is possible to obtain calcium from plant-based sources such as fortified plant milk, tofu, leafy green vegetables, and fortified juices, vegan diets may be lower in calcium compared to diets that include dairy products. Vegans should pay attention to their calcium intake and consider supplements if needed.
Regarding the options listed in the question, Vitamin C, Magnesium, and Folic Acid deficiencies are not directly associated with a vegan diet. These nutrients can be adequately obtained from a well-planned vegan diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse should expect the client to have a weight loss rate of 0.45 kg (1 lb) per week when reducing their calorie intake by 500 calories per day. A general guideline for weight loss is that a calorie deficit of 500 calories per day can lead to a weight loss of approximately 0.45 kg (1 lb) per week. This estimate is based on the notion that 1 pound of body weight is roughly equivalent to 3,500 calories. By creating a calorie deficit of 500 calories per day (500 calories x 7 days = 3,500 calories), the client can expect to lose around 0.45 kg (1 lb) of weight per week.

It is important to note that individual factors, such as metabolism and activity level, can influence weight loss rates. Therefore, the actual rate of weight loss may vary among individuals. It is generally recommended to aim for gradual and sustainable weight loss rather than rapid or extreme weight loss.

A. Hemoglobin B. Total albumin C. Transferrin D. Prealbumin

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Prealbumin (also known as transthyretin): Prealbumin is a protein synthesized in the liver and has a shorter half-life compared to albumin. It is considered a more sensitive marker for

short-term nutritional changes and can reflect the effectiveness of TPN within a few days.

Prealbumin levels can indicate the response to nutritional interventions and provide a more immediate assessment of nutritional adequacy.

Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a measure of the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells and is typically used to assess anemia. While hemoglobin can be affected by nutritional status, it is not a specific marker for the short-term effectiveness of TPN.

Total albumin: Total albumin is a measure of protein status and can be affected by various factors, including inflammation and liver disease. However, it has a longer half-life and slower response to nutritional changes, so it may not be the best indicator for short-term effectiveness.

Transferrin: Transferrin is a protein involved in iron transport and can be used as an indicator of iron status. However, it may not reflect short-term changes in nutritional status and is not specific to TPN effectiveness.

Monitoring prealbumin levels can help determine the short-term effectiveness of TPN and guide adjustments to the nutritional plan.

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A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

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