A nurse is caring for a client who has a substance use disorder. Which of the following statements by the nurse is an example of patient-centered care?

A. Diagnosis typically occurs after 40 years of age. Diagnosis typically occurs in late adolescence to early adulthood, not after 40 years of age. While late-onset schizophrenia can occur, it is less common. The disorder usually manifests in the late teens to early 30s, with males often presenting earlier than females.
B. Life expectancy is greater than the general population. Life expectancy is lower than the general population due to factors such as increased risk of suicide, cardiovascular disease, and reduced access to healthcare. The presence of comorbid conditions and lifestyle factors, including smoking and poor diet, further contribute to a shorter lifespan.
C. Co-occurring mental health illnesses are rarely diagnosed. Co-occurring mental health illnesses are frequently diagnosed in individuals with schizophrenia. Conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders are common. These comorbidities can complicate treatment and impact overall prognosis.
D. The need for resources increases as the disease progresses into adulthood. The need for resources increases as the disease progresses into adulthood due to worsening functional impairment. Individuals with schizophrenia often require long-term support, including medication management, social services, and rehabilitation programs to maintain stability and quality of life.

A. "Do you think of yourself as more of an introvert? That makes a difference with how you socialize." Social withdrawal in schizophrenia is not related to personality traits like introversion. It is often an early symptom of the disorder, preceding more pronounced psychotic features. Focusing on introversion may mislead the client and overlook the underlying pathology.
B. "Before symptoms of schizophrenia begin, people often isolate themselves. This is an early warning." Social withdrawal is a common early sign of schizophrenia, occurring during the prodromal phase. Individuals may withdraw due to subtle cognitive changes, emotional blunting, or emerging paranoid thoughts. Recognizing these early symptoms can aid in early intervention and treatment.
C. "Were you avoiding your friend so that you could hear the voices more clearly?" This statement assumes the client was already experiencing auditory hallucinations, which is not always the case. Social isolation often predates the onset of hallucinations and delusions, making this explanation inaccurate. It may also come across as dismissive rather than informative.
D. "That is very interesting, We are not sure why people start to isolate themselves." While the exact cause of social withdrawal in schizophrenia is not fully understood, research indicates it is an early warning sign. Providing vague or uncertain information may leave the client feeling confused rather than supported in understanding their condition.