A nurse is caring for a client who has cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the common bile duct. The nurse should expect the client's urine to appear which of the following colors?

Pale yellow

Red

Greenish-brown

Dark and concentrated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Pale yellow is the normal color of urine, indicating adequate hydration and no bilirubin in the urine. Bilirubin is a pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. It is normally excreted in the bile, but if the bile duct is obstructed, it can accumulate in the blood and urine, causing jaundice and dark urine.

Choice B reason: Red urine can indicate blood in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infection, kidney stones, trauma, or cancer. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

Choice C reason: Greenish-brown urine can indicate bilirubin in the urine, which can be caused by bile duct obstruction or liver disease. It is a sign of cholestasis, which is a reduced or stopped flow of bile. The nurse should monitor the client for other signs of cholestasis such as jaundice, clay-colored stools, pruritus, and abdominal pain.

Choice D reason: Dark and concentrated urine can indicate dehydration, which can be caused by various factors such as fluid loss, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is not related to bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: An obese client whose parents and siblings are not obese may have obesity due to environmental or behavioral factors, such as diet, physical activity, or stress. Medication may not be effective for this type of obesity, and lifestyle changes may be more appropriate.

Choice B reason: A client with long-standing obesity who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes may have obesity due to insulin resistance, which impairs the body's ability to use glucose and increases fat storage. Medication may help with glucose control, but it may not resolve the obesity. The client may also need to follow a diabetic diet and exercise regimen.

Choice C reason: A client whose obesity has been attributed to a reversible endocrine disorder like hypothyroidism may have obesity due to hormonal imbalance, which affects the metabolism and energy expenditure. Medication may be effective for this type of obesity, as it can restore the normal function of the thyroid gland and increase the metabolic rate.

Choice D reason: A client whose obesity is characterized as android rather than gynoid may have obesity due to genetic or gender factors, such as the distribution of fat in the upper body or the influence of male hormones. Medication may not be effective for this type of obesity, and the client may benefit from other interventions such as surgery or counseling.

A. Active transport B. Osmosis C. Filtration D. Diffusion

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Active transport is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Active transport is the process that moves solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient, using energy from ATP. Active transport can create or maintain a concentration difference between two sides of a membrane.

Choice B reason: Osmosis is the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Osmosis can equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane.

Choice C reason: Filtration is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Filtration is the movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane due to a pressure difference between two sides of a membrane. Filtration can separate solutes from fluid based on their size and charge.

Choice D reason: Diffusion is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Diffusion is the movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration. Diffusion can also equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the common bile duct. The nurse should expect the client's urine to appear which of the following colors?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse provides care for several clients who have obesity. Which client's obesity is most likely to resolve with medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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