Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

Active transport

Osmosis

Filtration

Diffusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Active transport is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Active transport is the process that moves solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient, using energy from ATP. Active transport can create or maintain a concentration difference between two sides of a membrane.

Choice B reason: Osmosis is the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Osmosis can equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane.

Choice C reason: Filtration is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Filtration is the movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane due to a pressure difference between two sides of a membrane. Filtration can separate solutes from fluid based on their size and charge.

Choice D reason: Diffusion is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Diffusion is the movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration. Diffusion can also equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is a correct finding for a client with an obstruction of the common bile duct. Fatty stools are caused by the reduced or absent flow of bile into the intestine, which impairs the digestion and absorption of fats.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct finding for a client with an obstruction of the common bile duct. Tenderness in the left upper abdomen may indicate a problem with the spleen, the stomach, or the pancreas, but not the bile duct.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct finding for a client with an obstruction of the common bile duct. Ecchymosis of the extremities is a bruising of the skin due to bleeding under the surface. It may be caused by trauma, medication, or bleeding disorders, but not by bile duct obstruction.

Choice D reason: This is not a correct finding for a client with an obstruction of the common bile duct. Pale-colored urine is a sign of dilute or low concentration of urine, which may be caused by excessive fluid intake, diabetes insipidus, or kidney failure, but not by bile duct obstruction.

A. Call the primary provider and report that the client may be obstructed. B. Position the client supine and insert an NG tube. C. Administer a fleet enema as prescribed and remain with the client. D. Contact the primary provider promptly and report these signs of perforation.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not the best response because it does not accurately describe the client's condition. Obstruction is a possible complication of diverticulitis, but it is not indicated by fever and abdominal rigidity. Obstruction is more likely to cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distension.

Choice B reason: This is not the best response because it can worsen the client's condition. Positioning the client supine and inserting an NG tube are interventions for gastric outlet obstruction, not diverticulitis. An NG tube can increase the risk of infection and perforation in the inflamed colon. Supine position can also increase the pressure on the abdomen and cause more pain and discomfort.

Choice C reason: This is not the best response because it can be harmful to the client. Administering a fleet enema is contraindicated for diverticulitis, as it can cause more inflammation, bleeding, or perforation in the colon. A fleet enema is a type of laxative that contains sodium phosphate and is used to relieve constipation or prepare for colonoscopy.

Choice D reason: This is the best response because it is the most appropriate and urgent action for the client. Contacting the primary provider promptly and reporting these signs of perforation is essential for the client's safety and treatment. Perforation is a life-threatening complication of diverticulitis, where the colon wall ruptures and causes peritonitis, which is inflammation of the abdominal cavity. Perforation can cause symptoms such as fever, abdominal rigidity, tenderness, and rebound pain. Perforation requires immediate surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy.

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Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct resulting from chronic cholelithiasis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client admitted with acute diverticulitis has experienced a sudden increase in temperature and reports a sudden onset of extreme abdominal tenderness. The nurse's rapid assessment reveals that the client's abdomen is uncharacteristically rigid on palpation. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypovolemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypervolemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has diverticulitis. Which of the following menu selections should the nurse include in the plan?

A nurse is caring for a child who has acute appendicitis. Which of the following results should the nurse anticipate when reviewing this client's laboratory values?

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a slightly overweight client seen in the Emergency Department with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which instruction should the nurse give for management of this disease process?

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