A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic hypothyroidism. For which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor?
Photophobia
Exophthalmos
Lethargy
Goiter
The Correct Answer is C
A. Photophobia is not typically associated with hypothyroidism. It can be a symptom of conditions affecting the eyes, such as certain infections or ocular disorders.
B. Exophthalmos is a protrusion of the eyeballs and is a characteristic symptom of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), not hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
C. Correct. Lethargy is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by extreme tiredness, sluggishness, and lack of energy.
D. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. However, it is not a direct symptom; it is a physical finding that can be associated with thyroid disorders.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While a yearly dilated eye examination is crucial for the early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy, this action alone only addresses one of the two complications mentioned in the prompt. It does not prevent the development of nephropathy.
B. Examining the feet carefully every day is a vital preventive measure for diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease to avoid foot ulcers and infections. However, daily foot checks do not prevent microvascular damage to the eyes or kidneys.
C. Compression stockings are used to manage venous insufficiency or peripheral edema, but they are not standard preventative therapy for diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy, and tight hosiery may even be contraindicated if the client has co-existing peripheral arterial disease.
D. Maintaining stable, optimal blood glucose levels is the most effective primary intervention to prevent both retinopathy and nephropathy. Chronic hyperglycemia causes microvascular damage to the small blood vessels in both the retina and the renal glomeruli; therefore, strict glycemic control slows the onset and progression of both conditions simultaneously.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Aging is associated with a decrease in insulin production and a reduction in the speed of insulin release, not an increase.
B. Incorrect. Intolerance of fatty foods is not typically an age-related endocrine change. It may be related to other factors such as digestive issues.
C. Correct. Decreased sensitivity to insulin is a common age-related endocrine change, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
D. Incorrect. Lower and prolonged blood glucose levels are not an expected age-related endocrine change. Instead, insulin resistance tends to result in elevated blood glucose levels.
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