A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?

Vomiting

Peripheral edema

Headache

Dry mouth

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy in clients with cirrhosis. It works by promoting the excretion of ammonia in the stool, thus reducing its absorption in the intestines and helping to manage hepatic encephalopathy. However, if lactulose is administered too quickly or in excessive amounts, it can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as vomiting.

Lactulose does not cause peripheral edema, headache, dry mouth

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in the management of ascites associated with liver failure. Its mechanism of action includes blocking the actions of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys. This results in increased urinary sodium excretion and hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
A. Decreased chloride level is not typically associated with spironolactone use.
C. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so it leads to an increased potassium level (hyperkalemia)
D. Spironolactone is not associated with decreased phosphate levels.

A. Observe for diarrhea. B. Administer 24 hr before effects are desired. C. Monitor for dizziness. D. Expect an increase in salivation.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine used in the prevention and management of motion sickness and nausea. The common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth.

A is incorrect because dimenhydrinate is not typically associated with causing diarrhea.

B has a short onset of action and hence taken right before travelling or shortly after beginning the journey

D – It commonly causes dry mouth

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A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has liver failure with ascites and is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client Who has a new prescription for dimenhydrinate. Which Of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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