A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?

Vomiting

Peripheral edema

Headache

Dry mouth

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy in clients with cirrhosis. It works by promoting the excretion of ammonia in the stool, thus reducing its absorption in the intestines and helping to manage hepatic encephalopathy. However, if lactulose is administered too quickly or in excessive amounts, it can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as vomiting.

Lactulose does not cause peripheral edema, headache, dry mouth

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Tolerance refers to where there is reduced responsiveness to a drug due to prolonged exposure to the drug requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. This effect requires progressive increment in dosages of the medication which may increase the risk for toxicity.
A. Addiction is characterized by compulsive efforts to acquire the drug despite being aware of its adverse consequences
C and D are not related to the continuous need for higher doses of morphine

A. Take an antacid with the medication if indigestion occurs B. Avoid flossing the teeth to prevent gum irritation C. Alcohol increases the chance of phenytoin toxicity. D. Phenytoin turns urine blue.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

alcohol consumption affects liver metabolism due to injury to the hepatic parenchyma. Impairment of liver function interferes with the metabolism and clearance of phenytoin leading to increased risk of adverse effects.

A-antacids should be avoided as they decrease the absorption of phenytoin

B flossing teeth is important for maintaining oral hygiene reducing the risk of oral complications of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia

D phenytoin does not cause changes in urine color

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A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A hospice nurse is caring for a client who has terminal cancer and takes PO morphine for pain relief. The client reports that he had to increase the dose of morphine this week to obtain pain relief. Which of the following scenarios should the nurse document as the explanation for this situation?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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