A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?

Vomiting

Peripheral edema

Headache

Dry mouth

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy in clients with cirrhosis. It works by promoting the excretion of ammonia in the stool, thus reducing its absorption in the intestines and helping to manage hepatic encephalopathy. However, if lactulose is administered too quickly or in excessive amounts, it can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as vomiting.

Lactulose does not cause peripheral edema, headache, dry mouth

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

alcohol consumption affects liver metabolism due to injury to the hepatic parenchyma. Impairment of liver function interferes with the metabolism and clearance of phenytoin leading to increased risk of adverse effects.

A-antacids should be avoided as they decrease the absorption of phenytoin

B flossing teeth is important for maintaining oral hygiene reducing the risk of oral complications of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia

D phenytoin does not cause changes in urine color

A. Call the client's provider. B. Stop the infusion. C. Auscultate the client's breath sounds. D. Elevate the head of the bed. E. Elevate the head of the bed.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The client is exhibiting symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that occurs due to allergens presenting with (itching) urticaria and sudden onset shortness of breath and/or shock. The first action should be to stop the infusion to prevent worsening the severity of the allergic reaction.

A. Important to allow for further prescription but not a priority

C. Auscultating the lungs allows the nurse to assess for the severity of the reaction but should come after stopping the infusion

D. Elevating the head can improve ventilation but is not a priority

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A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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