A nurse is caring for a client who has the communicable disease influenza. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse take?

Double-bag the client's trash before removing it from the room.

Place the client in a negative air pressure room with 6 to 12 air exchanges per hour.

Ensure all air in the client's room is filtered through a HEPA filter.

Wear a surgical mask when within 1 m (3 ft) of the client.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Double-bag the client's trash before removing it from the room: While double-bagging is a precaution used in certain infections to prevent contamination, it is not necessary for influenza. Influenza spreads via respiratory droplets rather than contact with contaminated objects. Standard waste disposal methods are typically sufficient to manage the risk of contamination from trash.

B) Place the client in a negative air pressure room with 6 to 12 air exchanges per hour: Negative air pressure rooms are designed to contain airborne pathogens by preventing contaminated air from escaping the room. Diseases such as tuberculosis or measles require this level of isolation. However, influenza spreads through droplets that settle quickly rather than remaining airborne, making negative air pressure rooms unnecessary for influenza isolation.

C) Ensure all air in the client's room is filtered through a HEPA filter: HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters are used to trap airborne particles. For influenza, which is spread by larger respiratory droplets, such filtration is not needed. The droplets are too large to remain suspended in the air and are typically spread through close contact, rather than requiring air filtration.

D) Wear a surgical mask when within 1 m (3 ft) of the client: This is the most appropriate precaution. Influenza is primarily spread through respiratory droplets that can travel about 1 meter (3 feet) when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Wearing a surgical mask within this distance helps prevent inhaling these droplets, thus reducing the risk of transmission. This aligns with droplet precautions which are standard for managing influenza.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Drowsiness: While drowsiness can be a symptom of elevated magnesium levels, it is not the most critical finding to report immediately. Drowsiness can be observed with other conditions as well.

B) Diminished patellar reflexes: This can be indicative of hypermagnesemia, but it is a less immediate concern compared to other symptoms. Monitoring reflexes is important, but not the priority.

C) Generalized muscle weakness: Muscle weakness is a common symptom of elevated magnesium levels, but it is less urgent compared to cardiac issues. Although important, it does not pose an immediate risk like bradycardia.

D) Bradycardia: Elevated magnesium levels can cause serious cardiac complications, including bradycardia. This can be life-threatening and requires prompt attention to prevent severe outcomes, making it the priority to report to the provider.

A. Ibuprofen B. Tramadol C. Ketorolac D. Aspirin

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Ibuprofen: While ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used for pain relief and inflammation, it is not the best choice for a client with a history of peptic ulcer disease. NSAIDs can exacerbate gastrointestinal issues and increase the risk of ulcer complications.

B) Tramadol: Tramadol is a moderate pain reliever that is not an NSAID and does not have the gastrointestinal side effects associated with NSAIDs. It is a suitable choice for short-term pain management in clients with a history of peptic ulcer disease, as it does not increase the risk of ulcer complications.

C) Ketorolac: Ketorolac is a potent NSAID used for short-term pain management. It is not recommended for clients with a history of peptic ulcer disease due to its high risk of causing gastrointestinal bleeding and exacerbating ulcer conditions.

D) Aspirin: Aspirin is an NSAID and has a high potential to irritate the gastrointestinal tract, which can worsen peptic ulcer disease and lead to complications such as bleeding. It is generally avoided in clients with a history of peptic ulcers.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has the communicable disease influenza. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse take?

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