A nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hours postoperative following a total knee arthroplasty. The client reports a pain level of 3 on a scale from 0 to 10. Which of the following nonpharmacological pain management therapies should the nurse recommend?

Choice A reason: Pork is prohibited in Islam (haram), and including it during Ramadan violates dietary laws, disrespecting the client’s faith. Scheduling meals after sundown respects fasting. Offering pork risks cultural insensitivity, potentially causing distress, critical to avoid in ensuring respectful, patient-centered care during Ramadan.

Choice B reason: Avoiding red meat is not a Ramadan or Islamic requirement; Muslims may consume halal red meat after sundown. Scheduling meals post-sundown is key. Assuming red meat avoidance risks unnecessary dietary restriction, potentially affecting nutrition, critical to prevent in supporting client health during fasting periods.

Choice C reason: Waiting 1 hour after dairy to serve poultry is not an Islamic dietary rule; it may reflect kosher practices. Scheduling meals after sundown aligns with Ramadan fasting. This assumption risks cultural confusion, delaying meals, critical to avoid in ensuring timely nutrition for Muslim clients during Ramadan.

Choice D reason: Scheduling meals after sundown respects Ramadan fasting, when Muslims eat during non-daylight hours (iftar). This ensures nutritional needs are met, critical for health, maintaining cultural sensitivity, and supporting client comfort, aligning with patient-centered care principles for devout Muslims observing Ramadan in healthcare settings.

Choice A reason: Persistent headache on oral contraceptives may indicate serious complications like stroke or hypertension, requiring immediate reporting to prevent life-threatening events. This is critical for timely intervention, ensuring client safety, and guiding potential medication adjustments in women using hormonal contraception for 6 months.

Choice B reason: Weight gain of 2.3 kg is common with oral contraceptives and not urgent, unlike persistent headache, which signals serious risks. Assuming weight gain requires reporting risks overlooking critical neurological symptoms, critical to avoid in ensuring safe monitoring of contraceptive side effects.

Choice C reason: Frequent nausea is a common contraceptive side effect, typically managed with counseling, not urgent like headache. Assuming nausea is priority risks delaying serious symptom evaluation, critical to prevent in ensuring timely reporting of potentially life-threatening complications in contraceptive users.

Choice D reason: Breast tenderness is a common, non-urgent side effect of oral contraceptives, unlike persistent headache, which may indicate stroke risk. Assuming tenderness is urgent risks missing critical symptoms, critical to avoid in ensuring proper monitoring and safety in clients on hormonal contraception.