A nurse is caring for a client who is dilated to 10 cm and pushing. Which of the following pain-management measures should the nurse identify as a safe option for the client?
Butorphanol tartrate
Pudendal block
Naloxone hydrochloride
Spinal anesthesia
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Butorphanol tartrate: This opioid analgesic can cause respiratory depression in the newborn if given too close to delivery. At 10 cm dilation and during pushing, it's generally too late to administer systemic opioids safely.
B. Pudendal block: A pudendal block provides localized perineal anesthesia and is safe for use during the second stage of labor when the client is fully dilated and pushing. It effectively reduces pain from stretching and pressure without affecting uterine contractions or fetal status.
C. Naloxone hydrochloride: Naloxone is not a pain-management measure; it is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression. It does not provide analgesia and is not administered for pain relief during labor.
D. Spinal anesthesia: Spinal anesthesia is typically administered prior to a planned cesarean birth or late in the first stage of labor. It is not appropriate once the client is fully dilated and actively pushing, as it could delay delivery and complicate maternal positioning.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Insert the catheter into the foot: While the scalp and foot veins may be used in infants, foot veins are less preferred in mobile infants due to the risk of dislodgement. Site selection should prioritize accessible and secure veins, often in the hand or scalp.
B. Obtain a 24-gauge catheter: A 24-gauge catheter is the appropriate size for infants due to their small and delicate veins. It minimizes trauma during insertion and allows for adequate flow while reducing the risk of vein damage.
C. Use gauze to cover the IV insertion site: Transparent dressings, not gauze, are preferred for covering IV sites in infants. They allow for continuous visualization of the site to detect signs of infiltration or infection promptly.
D. Monitor the IV site every 8 hours: IV sites in infants should be monitored much more frequently due to their higher risk of infiltration, dislodgement, or phlebitis. Hourly monitoring is standard practice, especially in high-acuity or pediatric settings.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Self-mutilation: This behavior is more commonly associated with borderline personality disorder. Individuals with borderline traits may engage in self-harm as a means of emotional regulation or response to abandonment fears, not typical in antisocial personality disorder.
B. Social isolation: Clients with antisocial personality disorder are often socially manipulative and may actively engage with others for personal gain. They are typically not socially withdrawn but can be superficially charming and exploitative.
C. Paranoid ideation: Paranoia is more closely linked with paranoid or schizotypal personality disorders. While someone with antisocial traits may be suspicious if it serves their manipulative purposes, persistent paranoid ideation is not a defining feature.
D. Lack of empathy: A hallmark feature of antisocial personality disorder is a disregard for others' feelings, rights, and safety. These clients often exhibit a lack of remorse and empathy, making them prone to violating social norms and laws without guilt.
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