A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin therapy. If the client requires a reversal of the effects of heparin, which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
Atropine
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Protamine
The Correct Answer is D
A. Atropine. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat bradycardia and reduce secretions before surgery. It has no effect on reversing anticoagulation caused by heparin and would not be an appropriate treatment for heparin overdose.
B. Vitamin K. Vitamin K is used as an antidote for warfarin toxicity, as it helps produce clotting factors that warfarin inhibits. However, it does not reverse the effects of heparin, which works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin to prevent clot formation.
C. Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production and neurological function, primarily used to treat conditions like pernicious anemia. It does not have any role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of heparin and would not be beneficial in this situation.
D. Protamine. Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects and preventing excessive bleeding. Protamine is administered intravenously in cases of heparin toxicity or when urgent reversal is needed, such as before surgery or in cases of uncontrolled bleeding.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["6"]
Explanation
Calculate the total daily dose:
Total daily dose (mg) = Weight (kg) x Dosage (mg/kg/day)
=14.9 kg x 40 mg/kg/day
= 596 mg/day
Calculate the dose per administration (divided into two doses):
Dose per administration (mg) = Total daily dose (mg) / Number of doses
= 596 mg/day / 2 doses
= 298 mg/dose
Calculate the volume to administer per dose:
Volume (mL) = Desired dose (mg) / Available concentration (mg/mL)
Available concentration = 250 mg / 5 mL
= 50 mg/mL
Volume (mL) = 298 mg / 50 mg/mL
= 5.96 mL/dose
Round to the nearest whole number:
5.96 mL is 6 mL/dose
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "My appetite is increased." Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that primarily treats allergic reactions by blocking histamine receptors. While antihistamines can sometimes cause increased appetite as a side effect, this is not an indicator of effectiveness in treating an allergic reaction.
B. "I don't have a headache anymore." While diphenhydramine may help with headaches due to its sedative and antihistamine effects, headache relief is not the primary goal when treating an allergic reaction. The effectiveness of diphenhydramine in this scenario should be assessed based on improvements in allergic symptoms rather than headache relief.
C. "My voice is no longer hoarse." Hoarseness can be a sign of airway involvement due to allergic reaction-related swelling (laryngeal edema). Diphenhydramine reduces histamine-induced inflammation, which can help resolve airway symptoms. Improvement in hoarseness suggests reduced swelling and a lower risk of airway obstruction, making this the best indicator of effectiveness.
D. "I am feeling more alert." Diphenhydramine commonly causes drowsiness due to its sedative effects. Feeling more alert would be an unusual response to the medication and does not indicate improvement in the allergic reaction. The primary concern is symptom resolution, particularly respiratory symptoms, rather than changes in alertness.
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