A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous therapy and observes redness and inflammation along the vein. The nurse should identify this finding as which of the following complications of IV therapy?
Extravasation
Phlebitis
Infiltration
Venous spasm
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
Extravasation is incorrect. This occurs when the intravenous fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue rather than remaining within the vein. It may cause swelling, pain, and potential tissue damage due to the infused solution's irritant effects.
Choice B Reason:
Phlebitis is correct. Phlebitis refers to the inflammation of a vein often characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness along the course of the vein. It can occur due to various reasons, including irritation from the IV catheter, chemical irritation from the infused solution, or infection.
Choice C Reason:
Infiltration is incorrect. Infiltration refers to the inadvertent leakage of the infused fluid into the surrounding tissues. It may cause swelling and discomfort but doesn't typically present with redness and inflammation along the vein.
Choice D Reason:
Venous spasm is incorrect. Venous spasm involves the involuntary contraction of the vein, which can occur in response to irritation or trauma. It may cause temporary difficulty in IV access but does not usually present with redness and inflammation along the vein as the primary signs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Bone loss is correct. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can lead to decreased bone density (osteoporosis) over extended periods of use, particularly in older adults. This adverse effect increases the risk of fractures and bone-related issues due to the drug's impact on bone health and calcium absorption.
Choice B Reason:
Liver toxicity is incorrect. While prednisone can affect liver function tests in some cases, it is less commonly associated with significant liver toxicity compared to other medications. However, liver function should be monitored during prolonged use.
Choice C Reason:
Hemolytic anemia is incorrect. Prednisone is not typically associated with causing hemolytic anemia as an adverse effect.
Choice D Reason:
Hypoglycemia is not a common adverse effect associated with prednisone use. In fact, prednisone can elevate blood sugar levels and may lead to hyperglycemia or exacerbate diabetes in susceptible individuals.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Furosemide is not correct. Furosemide is a diuretic used to treat conditions like heart failure and edema by increasing urine output. It is not a contraindication for sildenafil. However, it's essential to monitor blood pressure when these medications are used together, as both can potentially lower blood pressure.
Choice B Reason:
Albuterol is not correct. Albuterol is a bronchodilator commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. It doesn't have direct contraindications with sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. Although both medications can cause some cardiovascular effects, they are not typically considered contraindications for each other.
Choice C Reason:
Indomethacin is not correct. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce inflammation and pain. While it can have effects on blood pressure and the cardiovascular system, it is not a direct contraindication for sildenafil specifically for erectile dysfunction.
Choice D Reason:
Nitroglycerin is correct. Nitroglycerin is a contraindication for sildenafil. Both medications can cause a significant drop in blood pressure. When taken together, they can potentiate each other's effects, leading to a severe decrease in blood pressure, which can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Therefore, individuals using nitroglycerin or any nitrate medications should not take sildenafil or other medications for erectile dysfunction due to the risk of hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure).
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