A nurse is caring for a client who is taking pseudoephedrine orally to treat allergic rhinitis.
The nurse should assess for which of the following potential adverse effects of this medication?
Polyuria.
Increased appetite.
Bradycardia.
Hypertension.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent that primarily acts as a vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator. It does not directly affect kidney function to cause polyuria. In fact, due to its vasoconstrictive properties, it could theoretically decrease renal blood flow, although this is not a common or expected adverse effect leading to increased urine output.
Choice B rationale
Pseudoephedrine's primary mechanism of action involves stimulating alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. It does not have a known effect on appetite regulation; it is not typically associated with either increased or decreased appetite. Therefore, an increased appetite is not an expected adverse effect of this medication.
Choice C rationale
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that stimulates adrenergic receptors, leading to effects similar to sympathetic nervous system activation. This stimulation typically results in tachycardia, not bradycardia. It increases heart rate and contractility, which can be problematic for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
Choice D rationale
As a sympathomimetic, pseudoephedrine causes vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the arterioles. This widespread vasoconstriction leads to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, which in turn can elevate blood pressure. Therefore, hypertension is a common and important adverse effect to monitor for, especially in individuals with pre-existing hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It works by blocking the metabolism of ethanol, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde, which produces unpleasant physical reactions when alcohol is consumed. It has no pharmacological effect on benzodiazepine overdose.
Choice B rationale
Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses the sedative and other central nervous system effects of benzodiazepine overdose. It acts by binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex, thereby displacing benzodiazepines and restoring normal neurological function.
Choice C rationale
Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist primarily used to reverse opioid overdose. It competitively binds to opioid receptors, particularly mu receptors, thereby blocking the effects of opioid agonists and reversing respiratory depression and other opioid-induced central nervous system depression. It does not affect benzodiazepines.
Choice D rationale
Dantrolene is a direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant primarily used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and spasticity. It works by interfering with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, reducing muscle contraction. It has no role in reversing benzodiazepine overdose.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Laryngeal edema is a severe manifestation of an immediate hypersensitivity (Type I anaphylactic) reaction to penicillin. It involves swelling of the larynx, leading to airway obstruction, stridor, and difficulty breathing. This life-threatening condition requires immediate medical intervention, including epinephrine and airway management, making it the priority to monitor.
Choice B rationale
Urticaria, or hives, is a common cutaneous manifestation of a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin. It involves transient, itchy wheals on the skin due to histamine release. While uncomfortable and requiring attention, it is typically not life-threatening unless accompanied by systemic symptoms like laryngeal edema or bronchospasm.
Choice C rationale
Epigastric distress, such as stomach upset or pain, is a common gastrointestinal adverse effect of oral penicillin V, often due to direct irritation of the gastric mucosa or altered gut flora. While it can cause discomfort, it is generally not a life-threatening condition and can often be managed with food or dose adjustment.
Choice D rationale
Maculopapular rash is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin, usually appearing several days after initiation of therapy. It presents as flat, red areas with small raised bumps. While it indicates a drug allergy, it is generally not immediately life-threatening compared to acute airway compromise and resolves upon discontinuation of the medication.
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