A nurse is caring for a client who reports a decrease in central vision. The nurse should identify that this is a manifestation of which of the following visual impairments?
Macular degeneration
Glaucoma
Diabetic retinopathy
Cataract
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason: This is correct because macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Macular degeneration can cause blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, or dark spots in the visual field.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because glaucoma is a condition that affects the optic nerve, which is the nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries visual signals. Glaucoma can cause increased pressure inside the eye, damage to the optic nerve, and loss of peripheral vision.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because diabetic retinopathy is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into nerve impulses. Diabetic retinopathy can cause bleeding, swelling, or leakage of fluid in the retina, and loss of vision in any part of the visual field.
Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because cataract is a condition that affects the lens, which is the transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina. Cataract can cause clouding or opacity of the lens, and reduced vision in all parts of the visual field.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: Head trauma is not one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, but rather a possible cause of it. Head trauma can damage the optic nerve, retina, or brain, leading to vision loss or impairment.
Choice B Reason: Cardiovascular disease is not one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, but rather a risk factor for it. Cardiovascular disease can affect the blood supply and oxygen delivery to the eyes, leading to conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, or retinal vein occlusion.
Choice C Reason: Syphilis is not one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, but rather a rare cause of it. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the eyes, leading to inflammation, scarring, or detachment of the retina.
Choice D Reason: This is the correct choice. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the top causes of blindness in the United States, affecting about 4.1 million adults. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, swelling, or leakage of fluid. It can cause blurred vision, floaters, or blindness if left untreated.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: Culture is not a diagnostic test that uses an ultraviolet light source, but a laboratory test that involves growing microorganisms from a sample of body fluid or tissue. Culture can help identify the type and sensitivity of the infection-causing agent.
Choice B Reason: KOH is not a diagnostic test that uses an ultraviolet light source, but a chemical test that involves applying potassium hydroxide to a sample of skin, hair, or nail. KOH can help diagnose fungal infections by dissolving the keratin and revealing the fungal elements under a microscope.
Choice C Reason: Diascopy is not a diagnostic test that uses an ultraviolet light source, but a physical test that involves applying pressure to a lesion with a glass slide or lens. Diascopy can help differentiate between blanchable and non-blanchable lesions, such as erythema or petechiae.
Choice D Reason: Wood's is a diagnostic test that uses an ultraviolet light source, also known as a Wood's lamp or black light. Wood's can help observe color changes to the skin that are not visible under normal light, such as fluorescence or hypopigmentation. Wood's can help diagnose conditions such as tinea capitis, vitiligo, or erythrasma.
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