A nurse is caring for a client who taking benztropine to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor and report which of the following side effects of benztropine?

Bradycardia

Excess salivation

Urinary retention

Diarrhea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Bradycardia:
Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson's disease by blocking the action of acetylcholine. While anticholinergic medications can affect heart rate, bradycardia is not a common side effect of benztropine. In fact, benztropine may have the opposite effect, potentially causing tachycardia (increased heart rate).

B) Excess salivation:
Excessive salivation is typically a symptom of Parkinson's disease itself, due to difficulty swallowing, rather than a side effect of benztropine. In fact, benztropine, as an anticholinergic agent, generally reduces salivation (anticholinergic effect), so this side effect is unlikely to occur with benztropine therapy.

C) Urinary retention:
Benztropine, being an anticholinergic drug, can inhibit the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the bladder, leading to urinary retention. This is a common and serious side effect of anticholinergic drugs like benztropine. Urinary retention can lead to discomfort, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and kidney problems if not addressed.

D) Diarrhea:
Benztropine is more likely to cause constipation rather than diarrhea due to its anticholinergic effects. Anticholinergic medications often slow down gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) The time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization (diastole):
This refers to the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization, which is associated with the QT interval on the EKG, not the P wave. The P wave specifically relates to atrial depolarization, not the ventricular activity. Diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heart cycle, and it’s not directly linked to the P wave, which represents atrial contraction.

B) Time taken for impulse to spread to the point immediately preceding ventricular contraction:

The P wave represents the depolarization (or contraction) of the atria, not the time taken for the impulse to spread to the ventricles. The time taken for the impulse to spread through the atria, across the AV node, and down to the ventricles is better represented by the PR interval, not the P wave itself.

C) Time taken for depolarization (contraction) of both ventricles (systole):
This describes the QRS complex, which represents the depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles during systole, not the P wave. The QRS complex shows the electrical activity of the ventricles as they contract, while the P wave relates to atrial depolarization, which occurs before ventricular contraction.

D) Passage of electrical impulse through the atrium causing atrial depolarization:
The P wave represents the passage of the electrical impulse through the atria, leading to atrial depolarization. Depolarization of the atria results in the contraction of the atria, pushing blood into the ventricles. The P wave is the first part of the cardiac cycle on the EKG and reflects the electrical activity that causes atrial contraction.

A. "Take one tablet every 15 during an acute attack." B. "Take this medication after each meal and at bedtime." C. "Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain." D. ‘’Take this medication with 8 ounces of water."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) "Take one tablet every 15 minutes during an acute attack."
This is incorrect because the correct instruction is to take one tablet every 5 minutes for up to 3 doses during an acute angina attack, not every 15 minutes. If the chest pain persists after three doses, the client should seek immediate medical attention. Taking a tablet every 15 minutes would delay intervention and could be dangerous in an acute situation.

B) "Take this medication after each meal and at bedtime."
This is not the correct instruction for nitroglycerin use during an angina attack. Nitroglycerin tablets are typically used on an as-needed basis to relieve acute chest pain (angina). They are not intended for routine use after meals or at bedtime. If taken routinely for prevention of angina, the dosing regimen would be different, usually in the form of extended-release formulations.

C) "Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain."
Nitroglycerin tablets are used to relieve chest pain (angina) by relaxing coronary arteries and improving blood flow to the heart. The client should take one tablet at the first sign of chest pain. If the pain does not resolve within 5 minutes, the client should take a second tablet, and a third if needed, with a total of 3 doses being the maximum before seeking emergency care. This allows for quick relief during an acute angina attack.

D) "Take this medication with 8 ounces of water."
Nitroglycerin tablets should not be taken with water. They are typically absorbed sublingually (under the tongue) and should not be swallowed or taken with water. Taking them with water could delay the absorption process and reduce their effectiveness.

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A nurse is caring for a client who taking benztropine to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor and report which of the following side effects of benztropine?

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