The nurse is assessing a client who is diagnosed with heart failure and reports slight limitation of physical activity, is comfortable at rest but ordinary physical activity causes symptoms. What heart failure classification does this patient fall under?

Class II

Class IV

Class I

Class IlI

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Class II:
According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification of heart failure, Class II is characterized by slight limitation in physical activity. Patients in this class are comfortable at rest but experience symptoms (such as fatigue, palpitations, or shortness of breath) during ordinary physical activity. This description fits the client's reported symptoms, which include comfort at rest and the onset of symptoms with routine activity, such as walking or climbing stairs.

B) Class IV:
Class IV is the most severe stage of heart failure. Patients in this class are unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort and experience symptoms at rest, such as shortness of breath or fatigue. The symptoms do not improve with rest, and even minimal exertion exacerbates the condition.

C) Class I:
Class I heart failure is characterized by no limitation in physical activity. Patients in this class are able to carry out ordinary physical activity without fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea. Since this client experiences symptoms with ordinary activity, they do not meet this criteria.

D) Class III:
Class III represents patients with marked limitation of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitations, or shortness of breath. While this client does report symptoms with ordinary physical activity, Class III patients experience greater limitation in activity than described in this scenario. The client in this case only has slight limitation with ordinary activity, so Class III does not apply.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Peaked T waves:
Peaked T waves are a classic sign of hyperkalemia on an EKG. As potassium levels rise, the T waves become taller, more pointed, and narrow, indicating changes in the heart's electrical conduction. This is one of the earliest and most characteristic EKG changes seen with hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can result from conditions such as kidney dysfunction, use of potassium-sparing diuretics, or other electrolyte imbalances.

B) Inverted P waves:
Inverted P waves typically suggest issues such as atrial ischemia or ectopic atrial rhythms but are not a hallmark sign of hyperkalemia. They may also appear with other conditions, like atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. However, inverted P waves are not typically linked to elevated potassium levels.

C) Widened QRS:
A widened QRS complex can occur in several conditions, including hyperkalemia, but it is generally seen in more severe cases. As potassium levels rise further, the QRS complex may widen due to delayed conduction through the ventricles. Although a widened QRS can indicate hyperkalemia, it is a later sign, and it typically occurs after more specific changes like peaked T waves.

D) Prominent U wave:
Prominent U waves are more often associated with hypokalemia (low potassium levels) rather than hyperkalemia. U waves are typically seen after the T wave on the EKG and can be more prominent in conditions of low potassium.

A. Pneumococcal vaccine B. Influenza vaccine C. COVID - 19 vaccine D. HIB vaccine E. -Rotavirus vaccine

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Pneumococcal vaccine:

The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for older adults to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of pneumonia and other invasive diseases. Individuals over 65 years of age are at increased risk for pneumococcal infections, making this vaccine essential for their health.

B. Influenza vaccine:

The influenza vaccine is recommended annually for older adults, as they are at high risk for severe complications from influenza due to age-related immune system decline. Preventing influenza reduces the risk of secondary infections, such as pneumonia.

C. COVID-19 vaccine:

COVID-19 vaccines are strongly recommended for older adults because they are at higher risk for severe illness and complications from COVID-19. Staying up to date with booster doses further reduces the risk of hospitalization and death.

D. HIB vaccine:

The Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccine is not routinely recommended for adults unless they have specific medical conditions, such as asplenia or immunodeficiencies. This vaccine is primarily targeted for infants and young children.

E. Rotavirus vaccine:

The rotavirus vaccine is not recommended for adults. It is specifically designed to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children. There is no clinical indication for its use in the older adult population.

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The nurse is assessing a client who is diagnosed with heart failure and reports slight limitation of physical activity, is comfortable at rest but ordinary physical activity causes symptoms. What heart failure classification does this patient fall under?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Explanation

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