A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to decreased urine output in this condition?
Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Obstruction of the urethra.
Impaired blood flow to the kidneys.
Excessive fluid intake.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would lead to increased urine output, not decreased urine output.
B. Incorrect. Obstruction of the urethra would cause postrenal acute renal failure and may lead to urinary retention, but it would not cause decreased urine output in prerenal or intrinsic acute renal failure.
C. Correct. In prerenal and intrinsic acute renal failure, impaired blood flow to the kidneys reduces the perfusion of nephrons, leading to decreased urine output.
D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake may contribute to fluid overload and decreased urine output in prerenal acute renal failure, but it is not the primary pathophysiological process that leads to decreased urine output.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Fasting is not typically required before a renal biopsy.
B. Incorrect. The renal biopsy does not directly measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is usually assessed through blood tests.
C. Correct. A renal biopsy is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidneys to obtain a small tissue sample for examination. This allows for a direct assessment of kidney tissue and helps identify the cause of kidney dysfunction.
D. Incorrect. While a renal biopsy can provide information about the kidney's structure, its primary purpose is to obtain a tissue sample for histological examination, not to assess blood flow.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
:
A. Incorrect. Cheese and yogurt are high in phosphate and should be avoided in a low-phosphate diet.
B. Incorrect. Beans and lentils are also high in phosphate and are not suitable for a low-phosphate diet.
C. Incorrect. Eggs and poultry are significant sources of phosphate and are not recommended in a low-phosphate diet.
D. Correct. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally low in phosphate and are suitable for a low-phosphate diet. These foods can help meet the client's nutritional needs while adhering to the dietary restriction.
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