A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to decreased urine output in this condition?

Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Obstruction of the urethra.

Impaired blood flow to the kidneys.

Excessive fluid intake.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Incorrect. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would lead to increased urine output, not decreased urine output.

B. Incorrect. Obstruction of the urethra would cause postrenal acute renal failure and may lead to urinary retention, but it would not cause decreased urine output in prerenal or intrinsic acute renal failure.

C. Correct. In prerenal and intrinsic acute renal failure, impaired blood flow to the kidneys reduces the perfusion of nephrons, leading to decreased urine output.

D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake may contribute to fluid overload and decreased urine output in prerenal acute renal failure, but it is not the primary pathophysiological process that leads to decreased urine output.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Elevated creatinine levels are not specific to dehydration and fluid deficit, although dehydration can contribute to prerenal acute renal failure.

B. Incorrect. Elevated creatinine levels do not suggest normal kidney function. Instead, they indicate impaired kidney function and acute kidney injury.

C. Correct. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and excreted by the kidneys. Elevated creatinine levels are a reliable indicator of acute kidney injury and impaired kidney function.

D. Incorrect. Elevated creatinine levels can be seen in both acute and chronic kidney diseases, but they are not exclusively seen in chronic kidney disease.

A. Cheese and yogurt. B. Beans and lentils. C. Eggs and poultry. D. Fresh fruits and vegetables.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Cheese and yogurt are high in phosphate and should be avoided in a low-phosphate diet.

B. Incorrect. Beans and lentils are also high in phosphate and are not suitable for a low-phosphate diet.

C. Incorrect. Eggs and poultry are significant sources of phosphate and are not recommended in a low-phosphate diet.

D. Correct. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally low in phosphate and are suitable for a low-phosphate diet. These foods can help meet the client's nutritional needs while adhering to the dietary restriction.

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A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. What is the primary pathophysiological process that leads to decreased urine output in this condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure who has elevated serum creatinine levels. What is the significance of elevated creatinine levels in this client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with acute renal failure is prescribed a low-phosphate diet. What foods should the nurse include in the client's diet plan?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client at risk for postrenal acute renal failure. What condition should the nurse prioritize in the client's assessment?

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client with acute renal failure. Which condition is a risk factor commonly associated with the development of acute renal failure?

A nurse is providing education to a client about acute renal failure. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the condition?

A client with acute renal failure is scheduled for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. What information should the nurse provide to the client about this imaging test?

A client with acute renal failure is prescribed medication for anemia. What medication is commonly used to treat anemia in clients with renal failure?

A client with acute renal failure is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate to help correct the acid-base imbalance?

A client with acute renal failure is scheduled for a renal biopsy. What information should the nurse provide to the client about this procedure?

A client is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure, and the nurse is reviewing the client's medication list. Which medication is a common cause of intrinsic acute renal failure?