A nurse is assessing a client with acute renal failure for signs of fluid overload. Which clinical manifestation is associated with fluid overload in this client?
Hypotension and tachycardia.
Dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor.
Crackles in the lungs and edema in the extremities.
Hypoactive bowel sounds and constipation.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. Hypotension and tachycardia are more commonly associated with fluid depletion, not fluid overload.
B. Incorrect. Dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor are signs of dehydration, which is not indicative of fluid overload.
C. Correct. Fluid overload in acute renal failure can lead to pulmonary congestion and edema in the extremities. Crackles in the lungs (rales) are auscultated when there is fluid accumulation in the lung tissue, and edema in the extremities is visible swelling caused by excessive fluid retention.
D. Incorrect. Hypoactive bowel sounds and constipation are not directly related to fluid overload in acute renal failure.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure is not typically an initial assessment finding in acute renal failure. In fact, it is more common to see low blood pressure (hypotension) due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
B. Correct. One of the hallmark manifestations of acute renal failure is decreased urine output (oliguriA. or even no urine output (anuriA. . This is often accompanied by low blood pressure as a result of decreased kidney function.
C. Incorrect. Acute renal failure usually leads to changes in blood pressure and urine output. Stable blood pressure and urine output are not typical initial assessment findings in this condition.
D. Incorrect. High blood sugar levels and frequent urination are not directly related to acute renal failure. These symptoms are more characteristic of diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Dehydration is a significant risk factor for prerenal acute renal failure. Insufficient fluid intake or excessive fluid loss (e.g., vomiting, diarrheA. can lead to decreased blood volume and decreased blood flow to the kidneys, impairing kidney function.
B. Incorrect. A UTI can cause kidney injury but is not specifically associated with prerenal acute renal failure.
C. Incorrect. Chronic kidney disease (CKD. is a risk factor for the development of intrinsic acute renal failure, but it is not directly related to prerenal causes.
D. Incorrect. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, but it is not a specific risk factor for prerenal acute renal failure.
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