A nurse is caring for a client with sepsis who is receiving empiric therapy with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
The nurse knows that this type of therapy is indicated for which situations? (Select all that apply.)
When the causative microorganism is unknown
When the infection is severe or life-threatening
When there is a need to cover multiple pathogens
When there is a risk of resistance
When there is a synergistic effect between two or more agents.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Empiric therapy with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent is indicated for situations when the causative microorganism is unknown, when the infection is severe or life-threatening, and when there is a need to cover multiple pathogens.
Choice D is wrong because empiric therapy with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent is not indicated for situations when there is a risk of resistance. On the contrary, this approach can drive antimicrobial overuse and resistance and should be accompanied by a commitment to de-escalation and antimicrobial stewardship.
Choice E is wrong because empiric therapy with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent is not indicated for situations when there is a synergistic effect between two or more agents.
Synergistic effect means that the combined effect of two or more agents is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
This may be desirable in some cases, but it is not a reason to use empiric therapy with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Nitrofurantoin is considered a narrow-spectrum drug because it is effective against only a limited range of bacteria, mainly gram-negative bacteria that cause urinary tract infections.
Some additional explanations are:
Choice A is wrong becauseCiprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum drug that can affect a wide range of bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative.
Choice C is wrong becauseTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is also a broad-spectrum drug that can inhibit the growth of many types of bacteria, including some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Choice D is wrong because None of them is incorrect because nitrofurantoin is a narrow-spectrum drug as explained above.
Normal ranges for urinary tract infection microorganisms are:
• Escherichia coli: less than 10^5 CFU/mL
• Other bacteria: less than 10^4 CFU/mL
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Slow down the infusion and administer an antihistamine.The client has developedred man syndrome, which is a common adverse reaction to vancomycin that occurs when the drug is infused too rapidly.It is not a serious or life-threatening condition and can be managed by slowing down the infusion rate and giving an antihistamine to relieve the symptoms.
Choice A is wrong because stopping the infusion and notifying the prescriber immediately is indicated for a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis, which is characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, and laryngeal edema.
Red man syndrome does not cause these signs.
Choice C is wrong because continuing the infusion and documenting the findings is not appropriate for red man syndrome, which requires intervention to prevent further discomfort and complications.
Choice D is wrong because increasing the infusion rate and monitoring vital signs would worsen red man syndrome and increase the risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are serious adverse effects of vancomycin.
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