A nurse is caring for a neonate born with a congenital heart abnormality.
To better help the parents understand the impact of this disorder, the nurse begins by describing the unusual flow of blood through the heart which takes what course?

Choice A rationale

Clonic-tonic muscle contraction is related to convulsions and seizures but does not accurately define epilepsy. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Choice B rationale

Epilepsy involves abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, not in the muscles. Muscle contractions are a symptom of seizures, not the cause of epilepsy.

Choice C rationale

Epilepsy is not a single disease; it encompasses various conditions characterized by recurrent seizures. It is a spectrum of disorders with different causes and manifestations.

Choice D rationale

This choice accurately describes epilepsy as characterized by sudden, recurrent, and transient disturbances in brain function due to abnormal electrical discharges in the brain.

Choice A rationale

Exhibiting the ability to provide self-care may not be realistic for a patient with advanced Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive decline may impair their ability to perform daily activities independently, necessitating assistance from caregivers.

Choice B rationale

Improving memory for recent events is unlikely in advanced Alzheimer’s disease, as the condition typically involves progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. New medications may help manage symptoms, but reversing memory loss is not a realistic goal.

Choice C rationale

Receiving appropriate assistance for care needs is a realistic and achievable goal for patients with advanced Alzheimer’s disease. As the disease progresses, patients will require increasing levels of support to ensure their safety and well-being.

Choice D rationale

Demonstrating improved cognitive function is unlikely in advanced Alzheimer’s disease. While medications may help manage symptoms, the progressive nature of the disease means that cognitive decline will continue, and improvement is not a realistic expectation.