A nurse is caring for a pregnant woman who has gestational diabetes and is of African-Caribbean origin.
The nurse should recognize that the woman's ethnicity is associated with which of the following characteristics?
Higher insulin resistance
Lower birth weight
Earlier onset of diabetes
Faster resolution of diabetes
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is choice A. Higher insulin resistance. According to a systematic review of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Africa, African-Caribbean women have higher insulin resistance than other ethnic groups, which increases their risk of developing GDM.
Insulin resistance is a condition where the body does not respond well to the hormone insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels.
Choice B is wrong because lower birth weight is not associated with GDM in African-Caribbean women. In fact, some studies have found that GDM increases the risk of macrosomia (large for gestational age infants) and higher mean birth weight.
Choice C is wrong because earlier onset of diabetes is not a characteristic of African-Caribbean women with GDM.
GDM is usually diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, regardless of ethnicity. However, women with GDM have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Choice D is wrong because faster resolution of diabetes is not a characteristic of African-Caribbean women with GDM. Most women with GDM revert to normal glucose metabolism after delivery, but some may have persistent glucose intolerance or diabetes. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM is also higher for African-Caribbean women than other ethnic groups.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A.“I should check my blood glucose levels four times a day.” This statement indicates that the woman understands the importance of monitoring her blood sugar levels regularly to manage gestational diabetes and prevent complications for herself and her baby.
Choice B is wrong because drinking juice or soda can increase blood sugar levels and worsen hyperglycemia.Instead, the woman should drink water or sugar-free beverages if she feels thirsty.
Choice C is wrong because vaginal discharge or itching are not symptoms of hyperglycemia, but of a possible yeast infection, which can be more common in women with diabetes.The woman should report any signs of infection to her doctor, but this is not related to managing hyperglycemia.
Choice D is wrong because stopping insulin or oral medication after delivery can cause blood sugar levels to rise and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future.The woman should follow her doctor’s advice on when and how to stop taking medication for gestational diabetes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. Hypoglycemia.Excessive sweating is a common symptom of low blood sugar (glucose) levels, which can occur in gestational diabetes if the woman takes too much insulin or does not eat enough carbohydrates.Hypoglycemia can also cause other symptoms such as shakiness, dizziness, hunger, headache, and confusion.
Choice A is wrong because dehydration does not cause excessive sweating, but rather the opposite.Dehydration can occur if the woman has high blood sugar levels, which can cause increased thirst and urination.
Choice C is wrong because ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy due to lack of insulin.Ketoacidosis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity breath odor, and rapid breathing.
Excessive sweating is not a typical sign of ketoacidosis.
Choice D is wrong because anemia is a condition in which the blood does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the tissues.Anemia can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Excessive sweating is not a common symptom of anemia.
Normal ranges for blood glucose levels during pregnancy are:
• Fasting: 60 to 95 mg/dL
• One hour after a meal: 100 to 129 mg/dL
• Two hours after a meal: 70 to 119 mg/dL
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