A nurse is caring for a primigravida who asks about the function of the placenta.Which of the following are functions of the placenta?

Choice A rationale

Brisk patellar deep tendon reflexes can indicate central nervous system irritability, which might suggest conditions like preeclampsia or eclampsia if accompanied by other symptoms. It's critical to assess and monitor for further complications.

Choice B rationale

A moderate amount of lochia on the perineal pad over 2 hours is normal postpartum bleeding and does not typically indicate an immediate concern if within expected ranges.

Choice C rationale

A fundus at the level of the umbilicus is an expected finding 4 hours postpartum and indicates normal uterine involution. It is not a priority concern at this stage.

Choice D rationale

Approximated edges of an episiotomy indicate that the incision is healing properly without signs of infection or dehiscence. This is a normal and expected finding in the postpartum period.

Choice A rationale

GBS can be transmitted to the baby during both vaginal and cesarean deliveries if the mother is colonized with the bacteria. It is not limited to cesarean sections, hence why appropriate screening and treatment are essential.

Choice B rationale

GBS, although often harmless in the general population, can cause severe infections in newborns. This bacterium can be a source of severe neonatal infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, necessitating preventive measures during pregnancy and delivery.

Choice C rationale

Screening for GBS is typically performed between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation, not at the first prenatal visit. This timing ensures accurate detection of the bacteria closer to the time of delivery.

Choice D rationale

Intravenous antibiotics during labor are recommended for mothers who test positive for GBS to prevent transmission to the baby. This intervention significantly reduces the risk of neonatal GBS infection.