A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has mild persistent asthma. Which of the following is an expected finding? (Select all that apply.)
Symptoms are continuous throughout the day.
Daytime symptoms occur more than twice a week.
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is greater than or equal to 80% of the predicted value.
Nighttime symptoms occur approximately twice a month.
Minor limitations occur with normal activity.
Correct Answer : B,C,E
A. Symptoms are continuous throughout the day:
Incorrect: Continuous symptoms throughout the day are more indicative of moderate or severe persistent asthma, not mild persistent asthma.
B. Daytime symptoms occur more than twice a week:
Correct Answer: Children with mild persistent asthma may experience symptoms more than twice a week, but less than once a day.
C. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is greater than or equal to 80% of the predicted value: In mild persistent asthma, pulmonary function tests (e.g., PEF or FEV1) remain normal or close to normal, with values typically ≥80% of the predicted value, reflecting good lung function between episodes.
D. Nighttime symptoms occur approximately twice a month:
Mild persistent asthma often involves nighttime symptoms or awakenings occurring 3–4 times per month. If nighttime symptoms occur more frequently (e.g., once weekly), it suggests moderate persistent asthma.
E. Minor limitations occur with normal activity: Children with mild persistent asthma may experience minor limitations in their normal activities. These limitations are not severe and do not significantly impact daily life.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. An infectious disease of the central nervous system
Explanation: Cerebral palsy is not caused by an infectious disease of the central nervous system. It is a non-progressive neurological disorder that arises from brain damage, often during prenatal development.
B. An inflammation of the brain as a result of a viral illness
Explanation: While inflammation of the brain due to a viral illness can lead to neurological complications, cerebral palsy is not specifically caused by inflammation resulting from a viral illness.
C. A chronic disability characterized by impaired muscle movement and posture
Explanation:
Cerebral palsy is a chronic condition that primarily affects motor function and posture. It results from damage to the developing brain, often occurring before or during birth. The impaired muscle movement and posture associated with cerebral palsy can lead to limitations in activities of daily living and mobility.
D. A congenital condition that results in moderate to severe intellectual disabilities
Explanation: Cerebral palsy primarily affects motor function, and intellectual disabilities are not an inherent component of cerebral palsy. While some individuals with cerebral palsy may have associated cognitive impairments, it is not a defining characteristic of the disorder.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "This shunting allows oxygenated and unoxygenated blood to mix."
Explanation: This statement is correct. In PDA, the shunting of blood between the aorta and pulmonary artery allows oxygenated and unoxygenated blood to mix, leading to decreased oxygen saturation in the systemic circulation.
B. "Blood is shunted to the right side of the heart."
Explanation: This statement is correct. In PDA, blood is shunted from the left side of the heart (aorta) to the right side of the heart (pulmonary artery).
C. "This shunting results in increased pulmonary blood flow."
Explanation: This statement is correct. PDA leads to increased pulmonary blood flow as a result of the shunting of blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.
D. "Blood is shunted to the left side of the heart."
Explanation:
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a fetal blood vessel that normally closes shortly after birth, remains open. In PDA, blood is shunted from the aorta (left side of the heart) to the pulmonary artery (right side of the heart), resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow. Therefore, the correct statement is that "Blood is shunted to the right side of the heart."
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