A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks?
Defining a sense of self
Learning to perform tasks independently
Learning to use creative energies
Building a sense of trust
The Correct Answer is A
A. Defining a sense of self: Adolescence is characterized by the search for identity and defining a sense of self. Erikson identifies this stage as "Identity vs. Role Confusion," where individuals explore and form their own identity separate from their family and childhood roles.
B. Learning to perform tasks independently: This is more typical of early childhood (Erikson's "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt"). During this stage, children are learning basic independence, such as dressing and feeding themselves.
C. Learning to use creative energies: This task is more relevant to the preschool age group (Erikson's "Initiative vs. Guilt"), where children engage in imaginative play and begin exploring their own ideas and creativity.
D. Building a sense of trust: Building a sense of trust is the primary task in infancy (Erikson's "Trust vs. Mistrust"), where infants develop trust in their caregivers and the world around them.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Maintain night splints to the affected joint: Night splints help maintain joint position and function during sleep, preventing contractures and deformities. This is a common intervention in managing juvenile rheumatoid arthritis to ensure proper joint alignment and minimize pain and stiffness.
B. Encourage the child to take daytime naps: Daytime naps can lead to prolonged periods of immobility, which may increase stiffness and pain in joints. Maintaining regular activity and exercise is usually recommended to preserve joint function.
C. Administer opioids on a schedule: Opioids are not typically first-line treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis due to potential side effects and risk of dependence. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are more commonly used.
D. Apply cool compresses for 20 min every hour: Cool compresses may provide temporary relief for acute joint pain but are not recommended on a regular schedule due to risk of skin damage and reduced joint flexibility. Heat application is more commonly used for chronic pain relief in arthritis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. New onset of seizure disorder in the child's sibling: This does not contraindicate DTaP vaccination unless the child itself has a history of seizures or neurological disorders.
B. Evidence of sensitivity to egg antigens: DTaP vaccine is not contraindicated by egg allergy; this is more relevant to influenza vaccines.
C. Afebrile otitis media: This is not a contraindication for DTaP vaccination.
D. Temperature of 40.5° C (104.9° F) after last DTaP: A high fever following a previous dose of DTaP may indicate a severe reaction, necessitating caution or further evaluation before administering another dose.
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