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A nurse in a pediatric clinic is talking with a parent of a toddler. The parent tells the nurse that her toddler drinks a quart of milk a day. The nurse should recognize that the toddler is at risk for which of the following disorders?

Beriberi

Dehydration

Diabetes mellitus

Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Beriberi: Incorrect. Caused by a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamin B1), not linked to high milk consumption.

B. Dehydration: Incorrect. Milk intake can contribute to hydration, though it should not replace water.

C. Diabetes mellitus: Incorrect. High milk consumption is not directly linked to diabetes in toddlers.

D. Iron-deficiency anemia: Correct. Excessive milk can lead to iron-deficiency anemia because milk is low in iron and can interfere with iron absorption from other foods, leading to reduced iron intake.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Brisk pupillary reaction to light: A brisk pupillary reaction to light is a normal neurological finding and does not indicate increased ICP. Increased ICP might present with a sluggish or unequal pupil response.

B. Irritability: Irritability is a common early sign of increased ICP in infants. Changes in behaviour, such as increased irritability or lethargy, can indicate a neurological problem, including increased pressure within the skull.

C. Tachycardia: Tachycardia (increased heart rate) is not a typical indicator of increased ICP. Bradycardia (decreased heart rate) is more commonly associated with increased ICP due to the pressure on the brainstem affecting autonomic functions.

D. Increased sensory response to painful stimuli: Increased sensory response is not typically indicative of increased ICP. In fact, as ICP worsens, a decrease in sensory response or altered level of consciousness is more likely.

A. "I will immediately report irregular respirations." B. "I will immediately report a respiratory rate of 28." C. "IWA count the baby's respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by two." D. "I will count the baby's respirations by observing abdominal movements."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "I will immediately report irregular respirations." Irregular respirations can be normal in infants, as their breathing patterns are often irregular. Immediate reporting is not typically necessary unless there are other signs of distress.

B. "I will immediately report a respiratory rate of 28." A respiratory rate of 28 is low for a 1-month-old infant, but immediate reporting depends on the overall clinical picture and other signs of distress. Normal respiratory rates for this age are usually between 30-60 breaths per minute.

C. "I will count the baby's respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by two." While this method is used for older children and adults, it’s not ideal for infants due to their irregular breathing patterns. Counting for a full minute provides a more accurate assessment.

D. "I will count the baby's respirations by observing abdominal movements." This is correct. In infants, respiration is primarily diaphragmatic, making abdominal movements a reliable indicator of respiratory rate.

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A nurse in a pediatric clinic is talking with a parent of a toddler. The parent tells the nurse that her toddler drinks a quart of milk a day. The nurse should recognize that the toddler is at risk for which of the following disorders?

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