A nurse is caring for an infant in an outpatient pediatrician's office.
Click to specify if each finding is indicative of fifth disease, measles, or rubella. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process or none at all. There must be at least 1 selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.
Red rash on the face
Koplik spots in the mouth
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"B,C"}}
Rationale:
- Red rash on the face: The red rash on the face is common in all three viral infections but presents differently in each. In Fifth disease, it appears as a "slapped cheek" rash, bright red on the cheeks. In Measles, the rash starts on the face, particularly behind the ears, and spreads to the body. Rubella causes a mild pinkish-red rash that begins on the face and spreads down, but it is usually less intense than in the other two diseases.
- Koplik spots in the mouth: Koplik spots are a classic feature of Measles, appearing as small white spots inside the mouth, typically on the buccal mucosa opposite the molars, and are present before the rash. Fifth disease and Rubella do not present with Koplik spots.
- Fever: Fever is common in all three diseases but varies in severity. Fifth disease usually presents with a low-grade fever. Measles often causes a high fever that spikes before the characteristic rash. Rubella typically causes a mild fever, especially in the early stages.
- Lymphadenopathy: Lymphadenopathy is prominent in Measles and Rubella, where it often affects the cervical and postauricular lymph nodes. Fifth disease does not typically cause significant lymphadenopathy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Induce fatigue with vigorous activities close to bedtime: Engaging in vigorous activities close to bedtime can overstimulate the toddler, making it harder for them to wind down and fall asleep. It’s best to avoid stimulating activities in the hour or so before bedtime.
B. Provide the toddler with a light snack before bedtime: A light snack before bedtime can be helpful, as it may prevent hunger from interfering with sleep. The snack should be something that won't cause discomfort or disrupt digestion, like a small piece of fruit or crackers.
C. Allow the toddler to choose their bedtime: While some level of flexibility can be beneficial, allowing a toddler to choose their bedtime may lead to inconsistency and difficulty establishing a healthy sleep routine. A set bedtime helps toddlers establish good sleep habits.
D. Permit the toddler to watch television in bed to promote sleep: Watching television in bed can be overstimulating and interfere with the toddler’s ability to fall asleep. It’s best to have a calm, quiet environment before bedtime to help the child relax and prepare for sleep.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Administer the vaccine in the vastus lateralis muscle using a 25-mm (1-in) needle: For infants, the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh is the preferred site for intramuscular (IM) vaccinations, including the Hib vaccine. A 25-mm (1-in) needle is an appropriate length for this muscle in a 6-month-old infant.
B. Administer the vaccine subcutaneously in the abdomen using a 16-mm (5/8-in) needle: The Hib vaccine is not administered subcutaneously. It is an intramuscular injection, and the abdomen is not the recommended site for this vaccine.
C. Administer the vaccine subcutaneously in the upper arm using a 13-mm (1/2-in) needle: The Hib vaccine is administered intramuscularly, not subcutaneously. The upper arm is used for intramuscular injections in older children. A 13-mm needle is too short for an intramuscular injection in the vastus lateralis.
D. Administer the vaccine in the dorsogluteal muscle using a 51-mm (2-in) needle: The dorsogluteal muscle is not recommended for infants due to the risk of damaging the sciatic nerve. A 2-inch needle is too long for this area in an infant.
Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options.
The nurse should recommend to