A nurse is caring for an infant who has a tracheoesophageal fistula. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

Anoxia

Frothy saliva

Apnea

Sunken abdomen

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A: Anoxia

Reason: Anoxia refers to an absence of oxygen supply to an organ or a tissue. While it is a serious condition, it is not a typical finding specifically associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). TEF primarily affects the esophagus and trachea, leading to issues with feeding and breathing, but not directly causing anoxia. Anoxia could be a secondary complication if the infant experiences severe respiratory distress, but it is not a primary symptom.

Choice B: Frothy Saliva

Reason: Frothy saliva is a common and significant finding in infants with tracheoesophageal fistula. This occurs because the abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus allows saliva to accumulate and bubble up, leading to frothy secretions. This symptom is often one of the first signs that alert healthcare providers to the presence of TEF.

Choice C: Apnea

Reason: Apnea, or temporary cessation of breathing, is another expected finding in infants with tracheoesophageal fistula. The abnormal connection can cause aspiration of saliva or food into the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and apnea. This is a critical symptom that requires immediate medical attention to prevent severe complications.

Choice D: Sunken Abdomen

Reason: A sunken abdomen is not typically associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. In fact, infants with TEF might present with abdominal distension due to air entering the stomach through the fistula. A sunken abdomen could indicate other conditions such as dehydration or malnutrition, but it is not a characteristic finding of TEF.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

A backward sloping appearance of the forehead is not a typical manifestation of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus usually causes an enlarged head or a bulging fontanelle due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Choice B Reason:

Dilated scalp veins are a common sign of hydrocephalus in newborns. The increased intracranial pressure from the excess cerebrospinal fluid can cause the veins on the scalp to become more prominent.

Choice C Reason:

Hypertension is not a typical manifestation of hydrocephalus in newborns. While increased intracranial pressure can affect various bodily functions, it does not usually cause high blood pressure in infants.

Choice D Reason:

Sunken fontanelles are generally a sign of dehydration, not hydrocephalus. In hydrocephalus, the fontanelles are more likely to be bulging due to increased intracranial pressure.

A. Provide a small electronic toy. B. Allow the infant to stand in the crib. C. Change the infant’s diaper as soon as soiling occurs. D. Tie colorful latex balloons to the side of the crib.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Providing a small electronic toy is an excellent strategy to promote the infant’s growth and development. Electronic toys can stimulate the infant’s senses and encourage cognitive development through lights, sounds, and interactive features. These toys can also help in developing fine motor skills as the infant manipulates buttons and other parts of the toy.

Choice B Reason:

Allowing the infant to stand in the crib is not advisable for a child in a cast for DDH. Standing can put undue pressure on the hips and may interfere with the healing process. It is important to follow medical advice regarding the infant’s physical activity to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.

Choice C Reason:

Changing the infant’s diaper as soon as soiling occurs is good hygiene practice but does not directly promote growth and development. While it is important for the infant’s comfort and to prevent skin irritation, it does not provide the same developmental benefits as interactive toys or activities.

Choice D Reason:

Tying colorful latex balloons to the side of the crib can be visually stimulating for the infant, but it is not the best strategy for promoting growth and development. Balloons can pose a choking hazard if they burst and the pieces are ingested. Additionally, they do not offer the interactive and sensory stimulation that electronic toys provide.

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A nurse is caring for an infant who has a tracheoesophageal fistula. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a newborn who has hydrocephalus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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