A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Nephrotic syndrome

Pyloric stenosis

Intussusception

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine. It is characterized by symptoms such as swelling (edema), particularly around the eyes and in the ankles and feet, foamy urine due to excess protein, and weight gain due to fluid retention. While nephrotic syndrome can occur in children, it is less likely to be the primary suspicion in a 1-year-old presenting with acute symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools, which are more indicative of intussusception.

Choice B Reason:

Pyloric stenosis is a condition that affects infants, typically between birth and 6 months of age. It involves the thickening of the pylorus muscle, which blocks food from entering the small intestine. Symptoms include projectile vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. Although pyloric stenosis is a serious condition that requires medical attention, it is less likely to be suspected in a 1-year-old child compared to intussusception, which is more common in this age group.

Choice C Reason:

Intussusception is a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine, causing a blockage. This condition is most common in children between 3 months and 3 years old56. Symptoms include sudden, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools (often described as “currant jelly” stools), and a palpable lump in the abdomen. Given the age of the child and the acute nature of the symptoms, intussusception is the most likely diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Anoxia

Reason: Anoxia refers to an absence of oxygen supply to an organ or a tissue. While it is a serious condition, it is not a typical finding specifically associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). TEF primarily affects the esophagus and trachea, leading to issues with feeding and breathing, but not directly causing anoxia. Anoxia could be a secondary complication if the infant experiences severe respiratory distress, but it is not a primary symptom.

Choice B: Frothy Saliva

Reason: Frothy saliva is a common and significant finding in infants with tracheoesophageal fistula. This occurs because the abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus allows saliva to accumulate and bubble up, leading to frothy secretions. This symptom is often one of the first signs that alert healthcare providers to the presence of TEF.

Choice C: Apnea

Reason: Apnea, or temporary cessation of breathing, is another expected finding in infants with tracheoesophageal fistula. The abnormal connection can cause aspiration of saliva or food into the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and apnea. This is a critical symptom that requires immediate medical attention to prevent severe complications.

Choice D: Sunken Abdomen

Reason: A sunken abdomen is not typically associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. In fact, infants with TEF might present with abdominal distension due to air entering the stomach through the fistula. A sunken abdomen could indicate other conditions such as dehydration or malnutrition, but it is not a characteristic finding of TEF.

A. I give my child aspirin to reduce his fever. B. I give my child ibuprofen when his muscles are aching. C. I am leaving a humidifier on in my child’s room when he naps. D. I am encouraging my child to drink grapefruit juice.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Aspirin is strongly associated with an increased risk of Reye syndrome in children, especially when given during a viral illness like influenza or chickenpox. Reye syndrome is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. The use of aspirin in children with viral infections can lead to this condition, making it crucial to avoid aspirin and instead use alternatives like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain relief.

Choice B Reason:

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is generally considered safe for use in children to relieve pain and reduce fever. Unlike aspirin, ibuprofen does not carry the same risk of causing Reye syndrome. Therefore, giving ibuprofen to a child with influenza for muscle aches does not increase the risk of Reye syndrome.

Choice C Reason:

Using a humidifier in a child’s room can help alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections by keeping the air moist, which can soothe irritated airways and reduce congestion. This practice does not increase the risk of Reye syndrome and is generally considered a safe and supportive measure for children with influenza.

Choice D Reason:

Encouraging a child to drink grapefruit juice can be beneficial for hydration and providing essential vitamins. However, it has no direct connection to the risk of Reye syndrome. While grapefruit juice can interact with certain medications, it does not increase the risk of developing Reye syndrome in children with influenza.

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A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an infant who has a tracheoesophageal fistula. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a child who has influenza. The nurse should identify which of the following statements by the parent indicates the child has an increased risk for Reye syndrome?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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