A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Nephrotic syndrome

Pyloric stenosis

Intussusception

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine. It is characterized by symptoms such as swelling (edema), particularly around the eyes and in the ankles and feet, foamy urine due to excess protein, and weight gain due to fluid retention. While nephrotic syndrome can occur in children, it is less likely to be the primary suspicion in a 1-year-old presenting with acute symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools, which are more indicative of intussusception.

Choice B Reason:

Pyloric stenosis is a condition that affects infants, typically between birth and 6 months of age. It involves the thickening of the pylorus muscle, which blocks food from entering the small intestine. Symptoms include projectile vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. Although pyloric stenosis is a serious condition that requires medical attention, it is less likely to be suspected in a 1-year-old child compared to intussusception, which is more common in this age group.

Choice C Reason:

Intussusception is a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine, causing a blockage. This condition is most common in children between 3 months and 3 years old56. Symptoms include sudden, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools (often described as “currant jelly” stools), and a palpable lump in the abdomen. Given the age of the child and the acute nature of the symptoms, intussusception is the most likely diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Decreased stridor: Stridor is a high-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow. In acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), stridor is a common symptom due to inflammation and narrowing of the airways. The effectiveness of treatment, such as a cool mist tent, is often indicated by a reduction in stridor, as it suggests that the airway inflammation is decreasing and the airflow is improving.

Choice B reason:

Improved hydration: While maintaining hydration is important in managing croup, it is not a direct indicator of the effectiveness of the cool mist tent treatment. Improved hydration can be achieved through various means, such as oral fluids or intravenous therapy, and does not specifically reflect the reduction of airway inflammation.

Choice C reason:

Decreased temperature: Fever can be a symptom of croup, but a decrease in temperature is not a primary indicator of the effectiveness of the cool mist tent treatment. The main goal of the cool mist tent is to reduce airway inflammation and improve breathing, rather than to control fever.

Choice D reason:

Barking cough: A barking cough is a characteristic symptom of croup. While the cool mist tent can help soothe the airways and reduce coughing, the presence or absence of a barking cough alone is not a definitive indicator of treatment effectiveness. The primary focus is on reducing airway obstruction and improving airflow.

A. “Spray countertops and sinks with insecticide.” B. “Seal nonwashable items in airtight plastic bags.” C. “Inspect any dogs or cats at home for lice.” D. “Soak all combs and hairbrushes in alcohol.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

The statement “Spray countertops and sinks with insecticide” is not recommended. Head lice primarily live on the human scalp and do not survive long on inanimate surfaces. Therefore, spraying countertops and sinks with insecticide is unnecessary and could expose children and pets to harmful chemicals.

Choice B Reason:

The statement “Seal nonwashable items in airtight plastic bags” is correct. Sealing items that cannot be washed in airtight plastic bags for two weeks can effectively kill lice and their eggs by depriving them of air. This method is safe and effective for items like stuffed animals, pillows, and other nonwashable items.

Choice C Reason:

The statement “Inspect any dogs or cats at home for lice” is incorrect. Lice are species-specific, meaning that the lice that infest humans do not infest pets and vice versa. Therefore, inspecting pets for lice is unnecessary when dealing with human head lice.

Choice D Reason:

The statement “Soak all combs and hairbrushes in alcohol” is partially correct but not the best option. While soaking combs and brushes in alcohol can help disinfect them, soaking them in hot water (at least 130°F) for 5-10 minutes is more effective at killing lice and their eggs. This method is safer and more commonly recommended.

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A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has acute laryngotracheobronchitis and has been placed in a cool mist tent. Which of the following findings indicates that the treatment has been effective?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A school nurse conducting a screening for pediculosis capitis identifies several children who require treatment. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the children’s parents?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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