A nurse is caring for an older adult client who had a femoral head fracture 24 hours ago and is in skin traction. The client reports shortness of breath and dyspnea. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following complications?
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Airway obstruction
Fat embolism
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Pneumothorax, a collapsed lung, can indeed cause shortness of breath and dyspnea. However, it is typically associated with a sudden onset of these symptoms following a chest injury or spontaneously in the case of a ruptured air blister. In the context of a femoral head fracture, pneumothorax is less likely unless there was additional trauma to the chest area.
Choice B reason:
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that leads to inflammation of the air sacs, causing them to fill with fluid or pus. Symptoms include cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. While pneumonia could cause dyspnea, it usually develops due to an infectious process rather than directly from a femoral head fracture.
Choice C reason:
Airway obstruction involves a blockage that prevents air from passing freely to the lungs. It can be caused by foreign objects, swelling due to allergic reactions, or other medical conditions. The symptoms of airway obstruction include difficulty breathing, wheezing, and potential changes in skin color. However, airway obstruction is not commonly a direct complication of a femoral head fracture.
Choice D reason:
Fat embolism syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and lodge within the pulmonary vasculature, leading to respiratory distress. It is a known complication following long bone fractures, such as the femur, and presents with symptoms like shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and neurological manifestations. Given the recent femoral head fracture and the symptoms reported, fat embolism syndrome is the most likely diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Arthralgia, or joint pain, is a common symptom associated with heterotopic ossification (HO), especially when it occurs near joints. The ectopic bone formation can lead to restricted movement and pain during joint movement.
Choice B reason:
Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not directly associated with HO. While spinal cord injuries can affect autonomic control and potentially lead to bradycardia, it is not a symptom specifically linked to the presence of HO.
Choice C reason:
Fecal impaction may occur in patients with spinal cord injuries due to mobility issues and changes in bowel function, but it is not a direct result of HO. HO does not typically affect bowel movements unless the ossification is in a location that mechanically obstructs the bowel.
Choice D reason:
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a symptom commonly associated with HO. While individuals with spinal cord injuries may experience dysregulation of blood pressure, this is not specifically related to HO.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The inability to move toes can be an early sign that a cast is too tight. This symptom may indicate that the cast is impinging on nerves or blood vessels, leading to decreased motor function. It is essential to address this immediately to prevent further complications such as permanent damage or compartment syndrome.
Choice B reason:
Edema, or swelling of the toes, can occur if a cast is too tight, but it may not be the first sign observed. Swelling is a response to increased pressure in the tissues and can develop over time as fluid accumulates. While it is a concern, it often follows other symptoms such as changes in sensation or movement.
Choice C reason:
Pallor of the toes, indicating reduced blood flow, can be a sign of a cast that is too tight. However, pallor may not be as immediately noticeable as the inability to move toes or changes in sensation. It is still a critical sign that requires prompt evaluation and possible adjustment of the cast.
Choice D reason:
A change in the temperature of the toes, such as them becoming cooler to the touch, can suggest impaired blood flow due to a tight cast. This sign, along with pallor, may develop after other symptoms such as numbness or motor impairment.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today