A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has depression and reports having chronic pain in his lower back.

Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Assess the location, intensity, quality and duration of the pain using a pain scale

Administer analgesic medications as prescribed and monitor for effectiveness and side effects.

Provide non-pharmacological interventions such as massage, heat or cold therapy, relaxation techniques or distraction.

All of the above.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is D.

All of the above.

The nurse should take all of the actions listed to provide effective pain management for the older adult client who has depression and chronic pain in his lower back.

• Choice A is correct because assessing the pain using a valid and reliable pain scale is essential for determining the severity and impact of pain, as well as monitoring the response to treatment.

• Choice B is correct because administering analgesic medications as prescribed can help reduce pain and improve function.

The nurse should also monitor for effectiveness and side effects, especially in older adults who may have altered drug metabolism, polypharmacy, and increased risk of adverse events.

• Choice C is correct because providing non-pharmacological interventions can enhance pain relief, reduce medication use, and address the biopsychosocial aspects of pain.

Massage, heat or cold therapy, relaxation techniques, and distraction are some examples of non-pharmacological interventions that can be used for chronic pain in older adults.

• Choice D is correct because it includes all of the above actions, which are part of a multimodal approach to pain management that is recommended by clinical guidelines.

4 7 A multimodal approach can improve pain outcomes, reduce side effects, and address the complex needs of older adults with chronic pain.

A. Assess the location, intensity, quality and duration of the pain using a pain scale B.

Administer analgesic medications as prescribed and monitor for effectiveness and side effects C.

Provide non-pharmacological interventions such as massage, heat or cold therapy, relaxation techniques or distraction D.

All of the above

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is D.

Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.

This is because oral hypoglycemic agents lower the blood glucose level, but they do not prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, such as impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.Therefore, the client should be advised to monitor for any signs of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, or pus, and report them to the health care provider promptly.

Choice A is wrong because checking blood glucose levels at least four times a day is not necessary for most clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on the type and dose of medication, the level of glycemic control, and the presence of other factors that may affect blood glucose, such as illness or stress.The client should follow the individualized plan prescribed by the health care provider regarding blood glucose monitoring.

Choice B is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding caffeine is not specific to clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

This is a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as dehydration and caffeine can worsen hyperglycemia and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.

Choice C is wrong because eating small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars is also a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as this can help to maintain a stable blood glucose level and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.The client should also follow a balanced diet that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats, and consult with a dietitian or a diabetes educator for individualized dietary guidance.

A. HRT can relieve hot flashes, vaginal dryness and mood swings, but it can also increase the risk of breast cancer, stroke and blood clots. B. HRT can prevent osteoporosis, heart disease and dementia, but it can also cause weight gain, acne and hair loss. C. HRT can enhance sexual function, skin elasticity and memory, but it can also lower the immune system, blood pressure and blood sugar. D. HRT can improve sleep quality, energy levels and mood, but it can also worsen headaches, nausea and bloating.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A.

HRT can relieve hot flashes, vaginal dryness and mood swings, but it can also increase the risk of breast cancer, stroke and blood clots.This answer is based on the evidence from various studies that have shown the benefits and risks of HRT.

Choice B is wrong because HRT cannot prevent osteoporosis, heart disease and dementia, and it does not cause weight gain, acne and hair loss.These are common misconceptions about HRT that are not supported by scientific research.

Choice C is wrong because HRT does not have a significant effect on sexual function, skin elasticity and memory, and it does not lower the immune system, blood pressure and blood sugar.These are also myths about HRT that have no basis in reality.

Choice D is wrong because HRT can improve sleep quality, energy levels and mood, but it can also cause or worsen headaches, nausea and bloating.These are some of the possible side effects of HRT that vary depending on the type, dose and duration of the therapy.

Normal ranges for estrogen and progesterone levels depend on the stage of menopause, the type of HRT and the individual factors of each woman.

Generally, estrogen levels range from 10 to 50 pg/mL (picograms per milliliter) and progesterone levels range from 0.1 to 25 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter) in postmenopausal women.

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A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has depression and reports having chronic pain in his lower back. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

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A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has depression and reports having chronic pain in his lower back.

Which of the following actions should the nurse take?