The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking oral hypoglycemic agents.
The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?
Check blood glucose levels at least four times a day.
Drink plenty of fluids and avoid caffeine
Eat small, frequent meals and avoid simple sugars.
Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is D.
Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.
This is because oral hypoglycemic agents lower the blood glucose level, but they do not prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, such as impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, the client should be advised to monitor for any signs of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, or pus, and report them to the health care provider promptly.
Choice A is wrong because checking blood glucose levels at least four times a day is not necessary for most clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.
The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on the type and dose of medication, the level of glycemic control, and the presence of other factors that may affect blood glucose, such as illness or stress. The client should follow the individualized plan prescribed by the health care provider regarding blood glucose monitoring.
Choice B is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding caffeine is not specific to clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.
This is a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as dehydration and caffeine can worsen hyperglycemia and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.
Choice C is wrong because eating small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars is also a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as this can help to maintain a stable blood glucose level and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications. The client should also follow a balanced diet that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats, and consult with a dietitian or a diabetes educator for individualized dietary guidance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Encourage fluid intake of at least 2 L/day.
This is because adequate hydration can help soften the stool and facilitate its passage through the intestines.Fluid intake should be increased gradually to avoid fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.
Choice B is wrong because alow-fiber dietcan contribute to constipation by reducing the bulk and water content of the stool.
Fiber helps retain water in the stool and stimulate peristalsis.A high-fiber diet is recommended for clients who have constipation.
Choice C is wrong because astimulant laxativeshould not be used daily or for a long period of time, as it can cause dependence, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and damage to the intestinal mucosa.Stimulant laxatives should be used only as a last resort when other measures fail.
Choice D is wrong becausephysical activitycan help prevent constipation by increasing intestinal motility and blood flow.Physical activity should be encouraged for clients who have constipation, unless contraindicated by other conditions.
Normal ranges for fluid intake are about 2 to 3 L/day for adults, depending on age, weight, activity level, and climate.Normal ranges for fiber intake are about 25 to 38 g/day for adults, depending on age and sex.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
The correct answer is A, B and C.
These are the factors that increase the risk of respiratory infections in elderly patients:.
• Decreased immune response: Elderly patients have a weaker immune system that makes them more susceptible to viral and bacterial infections.They also have a poor response to respiratory vaccines.
• Decreased chest wall compliance: Elderly patients have reduced elasticity of the lungs and chest wall, which makes it harder for them to breathe and expel mucus.
• Decreased alveolar surface area: Elderly patients have fewer and larger alveoli, which reduces the gas exchange area and oxygen diffusion capacity.
Choice D is wrong because decreased oxygen saturation is not a risk factor, but a consequence of respiratory infections.
Choice E is wrong because decreased bronchial dilation is not a specific factor for elderly patients, but a common feature of obstructive lung diseases.
Normal ranges for oxygen saturation are 95-100% and for bronchial dilation are variable depending on the type and severity of the disease.
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