The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking oral hypoglycemic agents.
The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?
Check blood glucose levels at least four times a day.
Drink plenty of fluids and avoid caffeine
Eat small, frequent meals and avoid simple sugars.
Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is D.
Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.
This is because oral hypoglycemic agents lower the blood glucose level, but they do not prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, such as impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, the client should be advised to monitor for any signs of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, or pus, and report them to the health care provider promptly.
Choice A is wrong because checking blood glucose levels at least four times a day is not necessary for most clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.
The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on the type and dose of medication, the level of glycemic control, and the presence of other factors that may affect blood glucose, such as illness or stress. The client should follow the individualized plan prescribed by the health care provider regarding blood glucose monitoring.
Choice B is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding caffeine is not specific to clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.
This is a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as dehydration and caffeine can worsen hyperglycemia and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.
Choice C is wrong because eating small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars is also a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as this can help to maintain a stable blood glucose level and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications. The client should also follow a balanced diet that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats, and consult with a dietitian or a diabetes educator for individualized dietary guidance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The client needs assistance with two ADLs.This is because the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) is a tool that measures the client’s ability to perform six basic ADLs independently: bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding.The score ranges from 0 to 6, with 6 indicating complete independence, 4 indicating moderate impairment, and 2 or less indicating severe dependence.The score is based on the number of ADLs that the client can perform without supervision, direction, personal assistance, or total care.
Therefore, a score of 4 out of 6 means that the client needs assistance with two ADLs.
Choice A is wrong because it implies that the client is independent in all ADLs, which would require a score of 6 out of 6.
Choice C is wrong because it implies that the client is dependent on others for all ADLs, which would require a score of 0 out of 6.
Choice D is wrong because it implies that the client has difficulty with four ADLs, which would require a score of 2 out of 6.
The normal range for the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) depends on the setting and population of the client.For example, one study found that the average score for residents in skilled nursing facilities was 3.1 out of 6.Another study found that the hierarchy of difficulty of the six ADLs from least to greatest was: eating, maintaining continence, transferring, toileting, dressing, and bathing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Decreased metabolic rate.This is because the metabolic rate is the amount of energy that the body uses to maintain its functions, and it tends to decline with age due to various factors, such as loss of muscle mass, reduced activity, hormonal changes, and decreased thyroid function.
A lower metabolic rate means that the body produces less heat and therefore feels colder more easily.
Choice B is wrong because increased blood pressure is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that can be influenced by lifestyle, genetics, and other factors.
Choice C is wrong because increased sweat gland activity is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a sign of hyperhidrosis, which is a condition that causes excessive sweating due to overactive sweat glands.Sweat glands actually decrease in number and function with age, which can impair thermoregulation and increase the risk of heat-related illnesses.
Choice D is wrong because decreased body fat is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a result of malnutrition, illness, or other causes.Body fat actually tends to increase with age, especially in the abdominal region, due to hormonal changes, reduced physical activity, and lower metabolic rate.
Body fat can act as an insulator and help maintain body temperature.
Normal ranges for metabolic rate vary depending on age, sex, body size, activity level, and other factors.
A general estimate for resting metabolic rate (RMR) is 10 calories per kilogram of body weight per day for men and 9 calories per kilogram of body weight per day for women.
However, this may not reflect the actual metabolic rate of an individual, as it does not account for the effects of food intake, exercise, or environmental factors.
Therefore, it is better to measure metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry or other methods that can capture these variables.
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