A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports dry, itchy skin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Choice A Reason:

Determining the client's pattern for voiding. The reason why determining the client's pattern for voiding is the first step in implementing a bladder training program for a client who had a stroke is as follows:

Assessment: Before implementing any intervention, it's essential to assess the client's current bladder habits and patterns. Understanding when and how often the client typically voids, as well as any specific triggers or challenges they may have, is crucial information. This assessment helps the nurse create an individualized bladder training plan based on the client's unique needs.

Choice B Reason:

Assisting the client with relaxation techniques may be a helpful intervention in bladder training, but it should come after the assessment of the client's voiding pattern. Relaxation techniques can help the client manage urgency or anxiety related to bladder function, but they should be tailored to the client's specific needs.

Choice C Reason:

Discouraging intake of carbonated beverages is a dietary recommendation that can be a part of a bladder training plan, but it should be based on the client's assessment and preferences. It's important to assess the client's current fluid intake habits and any specific dietary triggers before making recommendations.

Choice D Reason:

Offering toileting opportunities every 1 to 2 hours is a potential intervention in a bladder training program, but it should also be based on the client's voiding pattern assessment. Implementing a toileting schedule without understanding the client's current habits may not be effective or necessary.

The cervical cap should be left in place for a minimum of 6 hours after intercourse but should not exceed a total of 48 hours of continuous use. Leaving it in place for longer periods may increase the risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and other potential complications. Using a cervical cap in combination with a spermicide is the recommended practice for maximizing its effectiveness. Spermicide helps immobilize or kill sperm, providing an additional barrier against pregnancy when used with the cervical cap.

Using the cervical cap during the menstrual cycle is not a recommended practice for contraception. The cervical cap is primarily used during sexual activity as a barrier method of contraception and is not specifically designed for use during menstruation.

While it is important for the provider to initially fit and size the cervical cap for the client, routine checks every 6 months are not necessary. However, it is still important for the client to regularly inspect the cap for any signs of damage or deterioration and replace it as needed.